Ground Penetrating Radar Algorithm to Sense the Depth of Blood Clot in Microwave Head Imaging

Background: Microwave imaging is one of the emerging non-invasive portable imaging techniques, which uses nonionized radiations to take a detailed view of biological tissues in the microwave frequency range. Brain stroke is an emergency caused by the interruption of the blood supply into parts of brain, leading to the loss of millions of brain cells. Imaging plays a major role in stroke diagnosis for prompt treatment. Objective: This work proposes a computationally efficient algorithm called the GPR algorithm to locate the blood clot with a size of 10 mm in microwave images. Methods: The electromagnetic waves are radiated, and backscattered reflections are received by Antipodal Vivaldi antenna with the parasitic patch (48 mm*21 mm). The received signals are converted to a planar 2D image, and the depth of the blood clot is identified from the B-scan image. The novelty of this work lies in applying the GPR algorithm for the accurate positioning of a blood clot in a multilayered head tissue. Results: The proposed system is effectively demonstrated using a 3D EM simulator and simulated results are verified in a Vector network analyzer (E8363B) with an experimental setup. Conclusion: This an alternative safe imaging modality compared to present imaging systems(CT and MRI)

Correlation Analysis of Surgical Efficacy and Risk Factors of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with High Signal Intensity on MRI-T2WI

Objectives: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical efficacy and risk factors of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients with increased signal intensity (ISI) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-T2WI). Methods: We compared the surgical outcomes of CSM patients with and without ISI. In addition, we compared the efficacy of anterior and posterior cervical decompression in CSM patients with ISI. We also analyzed the risk factors of MRI-T2WI ISI in CSM patients. Results: The incidence of ISI among 153 CSM patients was 71.89%. The JOA score and JOA remission rate were better in the ISI-free than ISI group. The postoperative JOA score and JOA remission rate were better in the posterior than anterior approach surgery group. The disease duration and vertebral canal volume were risk factors for ISI in CSM patients. Conclusion: Among patients with CSM, the prognosis is worse for those with than without ISI. Posterior cervical decompression surgery produces a better curative effect than does anterior cervical decompression surgery in CSM patients with ISI. CSM patients who have a long disease duration and small vertebral canal volume should undergo surgical treatment as early as possible.

The Role of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle in Articular Disc Displacement: A Cross-Sectional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Background: Determination of the role of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle LPM in the articular disc displacement ADD is controversial referring to the variations in the pattern of insertion of the Superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle SPLM. Introduction: it was well understood that the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle has only a single insertion pattern among individuals in which the muscle is attached to the articular disc and capsule. However, recent findings in many studies have shown a noticeable variation in the insertion pattern of the upper LPM. Method: MRI examinations were collected at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Scans of 61 patients (41 females, 20 males, mean age 33 years old) with symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction were reviewed retrospectively. The direction of their articular disc displacement was evaluated through sagittal and coronal views in both open and closed mouth positions. Results: There was no statistical significance found between the LPM attachment types and TMJ disc position. The chi-square test also showed no significant difference between the type of LPM attachment and the condylar location. Forty-five percent of the articular discs were located between the articular eminence and the glenoid fossa. The majority of the disc displacement was in the anterior direction. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between the type of LPM attachments and the direction of disc displacement.

Machine Learning Applied to Datasets of Human Activity Recognition-An Applications of Data Analysis in HealthCare

Background: Older adults who have poor health, such as those in personal conditions motivate them to remain active and productive, both at home and in geriatric homes, they need a combination of advanced methods of visual monitoring, optimization, pattern recognition and learning, that provide safe and comfortable environments and that once serve as a tool to facilitate the work of family members and workers. It should be noted that this also seeks to recreate a technology that gives these adults autonomy in indoor environments. Objective: Generate a prediction model of activities of daily living through classification techniques and selection of characteristics, to contribute to the development in this area of knowledge, especially in the field of health, to carry out an accurate monitoring of activities of the elderly or people with some type of disability. Technological developments allow predictive analysis of activities of daily life, contributing to the identification of patterns in advance, to take actions to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Method: The vanKasteren, CASAS Kyoto and CASAS Aruba datasets were used, which have certain variability in terms of occupation and the number of activities of daily life to be identified, to validate a predictive model capable of supporting their identification. activities in indoor environments. Results: After implementing 12 classifiers, among which the following stand out: Classification Via Regression, OneR, Attribute Selected, J48, Random SubSpace, RandomForest, RandomCommittee, Bagging, Random Tree, JRip, LMT and REP Tree, are analyzed in the light of precision and recall quality metrics, those classifiers that show better results when identifying activities of daily life. For the specific case of this experimentation, the Classification Via Regression and OneR classifiers obtain the best results. Conclusion: The efficiency of the predictive model based on classification is concluded, showing the results of the two classifiers Classification Via Regression and OneR with quality metrics higher than 90% even when the datasets vary in occupation and number of activities

Acute to Subacute Spinal Cord Infarction Mimicking Acute Multiple Sclerosis: Usefulness of Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Diagnosis

Background: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is difficult to diagnose because of its rarity, unknown etiology, and unestablished diagnostic criteria. Additionally, the timeline of SCI has not been studied in detail, as few studies using diffusion-weighted image (DWI) sequences of the spine of a small target population have been previously conducted. Case Study: A 56-year-old male with underlying arrhythmia suddenly developed visual field defects on the right side, pain in the left upper extremity, and a tingling sensation in the left hand. Brain Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed acute to subacute stages of multifocal brain infarction. On additional cervical spinal MRI, it showed atypical MRI findings of SCI, considered late acute to early subacute phase, which were similar to those seen in the acute phase of multiple sclerosis (MS). Additional DWI revealed restricted diffusion. From these findings, it could be inferred that the patient’s SCI occurred at the same time as the multifocal brain infarctions caused by atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: A DWI sequence of spine MRI could be helpful in the diagnosis of acute to subacute phase SCI and in differentiating with acute MS.

Severity Evaluation of Regional Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Acute Stroke Patients using SPECT

Background: Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), as measured using perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), is an important indicator for the treatment and prognosis of cerebrovascular disease, but there are few studies of acute stroke or small vascular disease using SPECT. Objective: This study was to evaluate the regional severity with quantitatively determined CVR in patients with acute stroke. Method: Fifty-eight patients who took brain SPECT images were selected to localize quantitative CVR values. The severity of the disease (Grade 1 to 4) was determined through image-based clinical assessment in the absence and presence of a CVR map and their results were compared. Results: In 1st diagnosis without the map, the mean CVR values of Grades 2 and 3 were -6.07% and -9.12%, respectively (P=0.034), while they were -4.78% and -12.34% in 2nd diagnosis with the map, respectively (P<0.001), suggesting that the CVR difference with the map was much more pronounced than without the map. Furthermore, in the ROC analysis, the diagnostic sensitivity between Grades 2 and 3 in 2nd diagnosis (AUC=0.899, P<0.001) was substantially greater than 1st diagnosis (AUC=0.646, P=0.048). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the quantitative CVR maps could reinforce the clinical evaluation of cerebral severity by showing that they can provide statistically significant results between severity and CVR. Furthermore, this study was the first to evaluate the effectiveness of quantitative CVR by examining the difference in the presence or absence of CVR in patients with acute stroke.