Combination Feeding of Breast Milk and Formula: Evidence for Shorter Breast-Feeding Duration from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Volpe Holmes ◽  
Peggy Auinger ◽  
Cindy R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Health And Nutrition

scholarly journals Infant feeding practices and dietary consumption of US infants and toddlers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen E Davis ◽  
Xilong Li ◽  
Beverley Adams-Huet ◽  
Lona Sandon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity

AbstractObjectiveTo compare infant and toddler anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes by race/ethnicity and income.DesignCross-sectional analysis using general linear modelling. Ten years of survey data (2003–2012) were combined to compare anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes from a nationally representative US sample.SettingThe 2003–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).SubjectsInfants and toddlers (n 3669) aged 0–24 months.ResultsRates of overweight were higher among Mexican-American infants and toddlers (P=0·002). There were also several differences in feeding practices among groups based on race/ethnicity. Cessation of breast-feeding occurred earlier for non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American v. non-Hispanic white infants (3·6 and 4·2 v. 5·3 months; P<0·0001; P=0·001). Age at first feeding of solids was earlier for white than Mexican-American infants (5·3 v. 5·7 months; P=0·02). There were differences in almost all feeding practices based on income, including the lowest-income infants stopped breast-feeding earlier than the highest-income infants (3·2 v. 5·8 months, P<0·0001). Several differences in mean nutrient intakes by both race/ethnicity and income were also identified.ConclusionsOur study indicates that disparities in overweight, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes exist among infants and toddlers according to race/ethnicity, which cannot be disentangled from income.

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