Abstract
Introduction
Sleep bruxism (BXM) is the result of rhythmic muscular masticatory activity (RMMA) and can be captured by masseters surface electromyography (sEMG). Despite the multiple adverse negative consequences of BXM, a simple reliable home diagnostic device is currently unavailable, with in laboratory audio-video polysomnography (type I PSG) remaining the gold standard diagnostic tool. Mandibular movements (MM) recordings during sleep can readily identify RMMA, are simple to set up and can be easily repeated from night to night. Here, we aimed to identify stereotypical MM in patients with BXM, and to develop RMMA automatic detection and BXM diagnosis using an artificial intelligence-based approach.
Methods
MM were recorded by a dedicated sensor (Sunrise, Namur, Belgium) in 12 patients with BXM during type I PSG. The Sunrise system consists of a coin-sized hardware that is comfortably placed on the subject’s chin. Its embedded inertial measurement unit communicates via Bluetooth with a smartphone and automatically transfers MM signals to a cloud-based infrastructure at the end of the night. Data processing and analysis are then performed in Python programming language.
A time series cluster analysis was applied to sequences of masseters sEMG and MM signals during BXM episodes (n=300) and during spontaneous micro-arousals (n=300). Then, a convolutional neuronal network (CNN) was developed to identify BXM and distinguish it from spontaneous micro-arousals while exclusively relying on MM signal.
Results
Based on the cluster analysis, BXM periods were characterized by a specific pattern of MM signals (higher frequency and amplitude), which was closely associated with the sEMG signals but clearly differed from the MM signal patterns during micro-arousals.
CNN-based classifier distinguished the BXM events from other RMMAs during micro-arousals and respiratory efforts with an overall accuracy of 91%.
Conclusion
Sleep bruxism can be automatically identified, quantified, and characterized with mandibular movements analysis supported by artificial intelligence technology.
Support
This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-12-TECS-0010), in the framework of the “Investissements d’avenir” program (ANR-15-IDEX-02). https://life.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
0792 Mandibular Movement Monitoring with Artificial Intelligence Analysis for the Diagnosis of Sleep Bruxism
