Effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxia on aerobic capacity and cognitive function in older people

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Schega ◽  
Beate Peter ◽  
Tanja Brigadski ◽  
Volkmar Leßmann ◽  
Berend Isermann ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Pavel F. Kiku ◽  
Evgeniy V. Zhovnerchuk ◽  
Irina P. Melnikova ◽  
Natalya I. Izmerovа ◽  
Kseniya M. Sabirova

Introduction.Occupational environment and occupational factors determine peculiarities in mastering marine occupations. Some unfavorable occupational educational and ecologic factors appear to cause high level of physical and psychoemotional stress.Objectiveis to study features of adaptation to study during occupational training in marine specialties in cadets of a higher marine educational institution, and to conduct medical and psychological rehabilitation.Material and methods.Examination covered 120 male cadets of 3rd and 4thyears of study: 70 (main group) and 50 (reference group). The age of the cadets was 21±0.4 years. To study characteristics of the cadets’ adaptation, the authors used psychological methods — Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Scale and Nemchin’s «Method measuring severity of neuropsychic stress». Statistical analysis was performed with software «Statistica for Windows 10.0».Study results and discussion.After 3 months of sailing, majority of the cadets appeared to be dysadapted. Deep clinical and laboratory studies proved that 39.4% of the examinees were apparently healthy and 60.6% of those had chronic diseases. Thus, a system of medical psychologic rehabilitation was designed, comprising primary and secondary prophylaxis methods. One of these prevention methods is a recovery complex of measures with intermittent normobaric hypoxia modified by us. The authors determined optimal regime of using intermittent normobaric hypoxia combined with medical rehabilitation.Conclusions.Adaptational state in cadets of high marine educational institution during professional training in marine occupations is characterized by increased psycho-emotional strain, anxiety and observed in 57.3% of the examinees. Findings are that after 3 months of sailing, majority of the cadets are dysadapted. To prevent morbidity and preserve health, the authors suggested a system of medical and psychologic rehabilitation including intermittent normobaric hypoxia with rehabilitation medical complex. The medical and prophylactic measures help to solve problems of psycho-emotional stress, lower morbidity parameters, prevent dysadaptation disorders, relieve functional overstrain. That preserves and improves the cadets’ health and forms an important stage in prevention of mental and behavioral disorders related to work.


Author(s):  
Jumpei Mizuno ◽  
Daisuke Saito ◽  
Ken Sadohara ◽  
Misato Nihei ◽  
Shinichi Ohnaka ◽  
...  

Information support robots (ISRs) have the potential to assist older people living alone to have an independent life. However, the effects of ISRs on the daily activity, especially the sleep patterns, of older people have not been clarified; moreover, it is unclear whether the effects of ISRs depend on the levels of cognitive function. To investigate these effects, we introduced an ISR into the actual living environment and then quantified induced changes according to the levels of cognitive function. Older people who maintained their cognitive function demonstrated the following behavioral changes after using the ISR: faster wake-up times, reduced sleep duration, and increased amount of activity in the daytime (p < 0.05, r = 0.77; p < 0.05, r = 0.89, and p < 0.1, r = 0.70, respectively). The results suggest that the ISR is beneficial in supporting the independence of older people living alone since living alone is associated with disturbed sleep patterns and low physical activity. The impact of the ISR on daily activity was more remarkable in the subjects with high cognitive function than in those with low cognitive function. These findings suggest that cognitive function is useful information in the ISR adaptation process. The present study has more solid external validity than that of a controlled environment study since it was done in a personal residential space.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Motoyoshi Fukutake ◽  
Taiji Ogawa ◽  
Kazunori Ikebe ◽  
Yusuke Mihara ◽  
Chisato Inomata ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Zh.A. Donina ◽  
E.V. Baranova ◽  
N.P. Aleksandrova ◽  
V.P. Katuntsev ◽  
V.M. Baranov

Введение. Снижение работоспособности и ортоустойчивости, наблюдаемых у космонавтов на разных этапах космического полета, диктует необходимость поиска новых методов, способствующих улучшению переносимости экстремальных факторов и восстановлению нарушенных функций организма, в реабилитационном периоде. Одним из перспективных направлений, повышающих общую неспецифическую резистентность организма являются гипоксические тренировки. Вместе с тем сведения о применении гипоксического воздействия непосредственно в условиях космического полета для нивелирования неблагоприятных эффектов невесомости отсутствует. Цель исследования - изучение влияния нормобарической периодической гипоксии на кардиореспираторные показатели и резервные возможности организма крыс при свободном двигательном режиме и в условиях антиортостатической гипокинезии (антиортостатическое вывешивание с углом наклона -30°), моделирующей физиологические эффекты невесомости. Методика. Проведено 4 серии экспериментов на 48 крысах Вистар, массой 280-300 г. Животные в течение 7 сут находились: в 1-й серии в свободном двигательном режиме с ежедневной 5-часовой нормобарической гипоксией (12% О2); во 2-й - в условиях антиортостатической гипокинезии после предварительного курса гипоксии; в 3-й - в антиортостатической гипокинезии без предварительной гипоксии (нормоксия 20,9% О2); в 4-й - в антиортостатической гипокинезии с ежедневной 5-часовой гипоксией. После завершения эксперимента у всех животных регистрировали кардиореспираторные показатели методом пневмотахографии, электрокардиографии, пульсоксиметрии, для оценки физической выносливости крыс использовали тест вынужденного плавания (по Порсолту). Результаты. Установлено, что эффективность НПГ в целях повышения функциональных резервов кардиореспираторной системы после длительного пребывания в условиях антиортостатической гипокинезии достигается только в результате предварительной адаптации (прекондиционирования) к периодической гипоксии в свободном двигательном режиме. Заключение. Воздействие нормобарической периодической гипоксии в условиях моделирования невесомости приводит к ухудшению функционального состояния организма и снижению физической выносливости крыс.Introduction. Restoring the physical condition of cosmonauts following a prolonged spaceflight requires new methods for improvement of resistance to extreme factors and recovery during the rehabilitation period. A promising approach to enhancing the general, nonspecific resistance to adverse environmental factors is hypoxic training. However, information about the use of hypoxia effects on the scene of a space flight to neutralize adverse effects of weightlessness is absent. Aim. To study the effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH) on cardiorespiratory parameters and reserve capacity of rats in free locomotion and in head-down tilt of -30°(HDT-30° ), a model of spaceflight. Methods. Experiments were performed on 48 Wistar rats weighing 280-300 g. For 7 days the animals were 1) in free locomotion with INH daily for 5-hours (12% O2); 2) in HDT-30o under normoxia following prior INH; 3) in HDT-30° under normoxia; 4) in HDT-30° in combination with INH. Cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded by pneumotachography, electrocardiography and pulse oximetry. Exercise tolerance was evaluated using the forced swimming test (Porsolt). Results. The effect of INH in increasing the cardiorespiratory functional reserve after long-term simulated microgravity is achieved only with prior adaptation (preconditioning) to INH in free locomotion. Conclusions. Intermittent normobaric hypoxia used in simulated microgravity leads to impairment of the functional state and decreases physical endurance of rats.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Grossi ◽  
Kathryn Richardson ◽  
George Savva ◽  
Chris Fox ◽  
Antony Arthur ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Anticholinergic medication use is linked with increased cognitive decline, dementia, falls and mortality. The characteristics of the population who use anticholinergic medication are not known. Here we estimate the prevalence of anticholinergic use in England’s older population in 1991 and 2011, and describe changes in use by participant’s age, sex, cognition and disability. Methods: We compared data from participants aged 65+ years from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I and II), collected during 1990-1993 (N=7,635) and 2008-2011 (N=7,762). We estimated the prevalence of potent anticholinergic use (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden [ACB] score=3) and average anticholinergic burden (sum of ACB scores), using inverse probability weights standardised to the 2011 UK population. These were stratified by age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental ADL (IADL) disability. Results: Prevalence of potent anticholinergic use increased from 5.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.2-6.3%) of the older population in 1990-93 to 9.9% (9.3-10.7%) in 2008-11, adjusted odds ratio of 1.90 (95%CI 1.67 – 2.16). People with clinically significant cognitive impairment (MMSE [Mini Mental State Examination] 21 or less) were the heaviest users of potent anticholinergic in CFAS II (16.5% [95%CI 12.0-22.3%]). Large increases in the prevalence of the use medication with ‘any’ anticholinergic activity were seen in older people with clinically significant cognitive impairment (53.3% in CFAS I to 71.5% in CFAS II). Conclusions: Use of potent anticholinergic medications nearly doubled in England’s older population over 20 years with some of the greatest increases amongst those particularly vulnerable to anticholinergic side-effects. Key words: cognitive impairment, anticholinergic burden, polypharmacy


1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorit Carmelli ◽  
Gary E. Swan ◽  
Lon R. Cardon

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