Drawing on a multisite sample of 40 persons who sell, share, or use diverted buprenorphine to manage opioid use disorder, in this study we describe why individuals seek to obtain buprenorphine outside of formal treatment contexts, and between-site variation regarding their motives and means. Findings indicate that both the provision and purchase of diverted buprenorphine support user-defined risk minimization strategies to avoid withdrawal, reduce heroin use, and satiate opioid cravings in periods of lowered tolerance. We also found that a subset of the sample used buprenorphine recreationally, and that it functioned to extend or augment illicit drug use careers. Implications of the findings are discussed in light of federal and state drug control and treatment policies.
A randomized clinical trial of the Recovery Line among methadone treatment patients with ongoing illicit drug use
