P-01-002 Prospective analysis: Mild elevation in serum prolactin in trans women is caused by cyproterone acetate

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e162
Author(s):  
J. Defreyne ◽  
N. Nota ◽  
C. Pereira ◽  
T. Schreiner ◽  
A. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women

Transient Elevated Serum Prolactin in Trans Women Is Caused by Cyproterone Acetate Treatment

LGBT Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Defreyne ◽  
Nienke Nota ◽  
Cecilia Pereira ◽  
Thomas Schreiner ◽  
Alessandra D. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women

Does cyproterone acetate therapy contribute to the observed elevation in serum prolactin levels in trans women?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Defreyne ◽  
Nienke Nota ◽  
Cecilia Perreira ◽  
Schreiner Thomas ◽  
Fisher Alessandra Daphne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women

scholarly journals Toward a lowest effective dose of cyproterone acetate in trans women: Results from the ENIGI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M E Kuijpers ◽  
Chantal M Wiepjes ◽  
Elfi B Conemans ◽  
Alessandra D Fisher ◽  
Guy T’Sjoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Context Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor and exerts negative hypothalamic feedback. It is often used in combination with estrogens in trans women to achieve feminization. However, CPA has been associated with side effects such as changes in liver enzyme concentrations and increases in prolactin concentrations. The question is whether testosterone lowering, as well as these side effects, are dose-dependent. Objective To assess the lowest effective dose of CPA in trans women to prevent side effects. Design This longitudinal study is part of the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI), a multicenter prospective cohort study. Setting Gender identity centers in Amsterdam, Ghent, and Florence Participants Trans women (n = 882) using estrogens only or in combination with 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, or 100mg CPA daily. Intervention Different doses of CPA. Main Outcome measure The concentration of testosterone at 3 and/or 12 months of hormone therapy. Results Using estrogens only (without CPA) led to testosterone concentrations of 5.5nmol/L (SEM 0.3). All doses of CPA resulted in testosterone concentrations below the pre-defined threshold of suppression of 2nmol/L (10mg: 0.9nmol/L, SEM 0.7; 25mg: 0.9nmol/L, SEM 0.1; 50mg: 1.1nmol/L, SEM 0.1; 100mg: 0.9nmol/L, SEM 0.7). Higher prolactin and lower high-density lipoprotein concentrations were observed with increasing doses of CPA. No differences in liver enzyme concentrations were found between the doses. Conclusions Compared to higher doses of CPA, a daily dose of 10mg is equally effective in lowering testosterone concentrations in trans women, while showing fewer side effects.

scholarly journals Frequency and outcomes of benign breast biopsies in trans women: A nationwide cohort study

The Breast ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Christel JM. de Blok ◽  
Benthe AM. Dijkman ◽  
Chantal M. Wiepjes ◽  
Inge RHM. Konings ◽  
Koen MA. Dreijerink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women

Lactation Induction in a Transgender Woman Wanting to Breastfeed: Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wamboldt ◽  
Shirley Shuster ◽  
Bikrampal S Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Breast Size ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic

Abstract Context Breastfeeding is known to have many health and wellness benefits to the mother and infant; however, breastfeeding in trans women has been greatly under-researched. Objective To review potential methods of lactation induction in trans women wishing to breastfeed and to review the embryological basis for breastfeeding in trans women. Design This article summarizes a case of successful lactation in a trans woman, in which milk production was achieved in just over 1 month. Setting This patient was followed in an outpatient endocrinology clinic. Participant A single trans woman was followed in our endocrinology clinic for a period of 9 months while she took hormone therapy to help with lactation. Interventions Readily available lactation induction protocols for nonpuerpural mothers were reviewed and used to guide hormone therapy selection. Daily dose of progesterone was increased from 100 mg to 200 mg daily. The galactogogue domperidone was started at 10 mg 3 times daily and titrated up to effect. She was encouraged to use an electric pump and to increase her frequency of pumping. Main Outcome Measure Lactation induction Results At one month, she had noticed a significant increase in her breast size and fullness. Her milk supply had increased rapidly, and she was producing up to 3 to 5 ounces of milk per day with manual expression alone. Conclusions We report the second case in the medical literature to demonstrate successful breastfeeding in a trans woman through use of hormonal augmentation.

Cardiac arrhythmias secondary to hormone therapy in trans women

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wamboldt ◽  
Sohaib Haseeb ◽  
Ashley Waddington ◽  
Adrian Baranchuk
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women

scholarly journals Gender dysphoria and sexual euphoria - A Bayesian perspective on the influence of gender-affirming hormone therapy on sexual arousal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Klöbl ◽  
Murray Bruce Reed ◽  
Patricia Handschuh ◽  
Ulrike Kaufmann ◽  
Melisande Elisabeth Konadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Trans Men ◽  
Subjective Sexual Arousal ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
In Cis

While the concept of sexual orientation is more clearly defined in cisgender, this is less so in transgender individuals. Both experienced gender and sex hormones have a relation to sexual preferences, arousal in response to erotic stimuli, and thus sexual orientation. In transgender individuals sexual orientation occasionally changes before or during transition, which may involve gender-affirming hormone therapy. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether the neuronal and behavioral patterns of sexual arousal in transgender individuals moved from the given (before) to their chosen gender after 4.5 months of hormone therapy. To this aim, trans women and men as well as age-matched cisgender controls rated visual stimuli showing heterosexual, lesbian or gay intercourse for subjective sexual arousal. Utilizing a Bayesian framework allowed us to incorporate behavioral findings in cisgender individuals of different sexual orientations. The hypothesized changes in response patterns could indeed be observed in the behavioral responses to the single but not the differentiation between stimulus categories with the strongest results for trans men and lesbian scenes. Activation of the ventral striatum supported our hypothesis only for lesbian scenes in trans women. This prominent role of lesbian stimuli might be explained by their differential responses in cis women and men. We show that correlates of sexual arousal in transgender individuals might change in direction of the chosen gender. Future investigations longer into transition might resolve the discrepancy on behavioral and neuronal levels.

scholarly journals Incident diabetes risk is not increased in transgender individuals using hormone therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan van Velzen ◽  
Chantal Wiepjes ◽  
Nienke Nota ◽  
Daniel van Raalte ◽  
Renée de Mutsert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Trans Men ◽  
Data Registry ◽  
Central Registry ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women

Abstract Background In trans women receiving hormone therapy, body fat and insulin resistance increases, with opposite effects in trans men. These metabolic alterations may alter the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in trans women and trans men. We aimed to compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes of adult trans women and trans men during hormone therapy with rates from their birth sex in the general population. Methods Retrospective data from the Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria with transgender individuals on hormone therapy between 1972 and 2018 were linked to a nationwide health data registry. Because no central registry of diabetes is available, the occurrence of diabetes was inferred from the first dispense of a glucose-lowering agent. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were computed for trans women and trans men in comparison with the same birth sex from the general population. Results Compared to their birth sex in the general population, no difference in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed in trans women (N=2585, 90 cases, SIR 0.94 95%CI 0.76–1.14) or trans men (N=1514, 32 cases, SIR 1.40 95%CI 0.96–1.92). Conclusion Despite studies reporting an increase in insulin resistance in feminizing hormone therapy and a decrease in insulin resistance in masculinizing hormone therapy, the incidence of diabetes in transgender individuals after initiation of hormone therapy was not different compared to the general population.

scholarly journals Physical and Sociodemographic Features Associated With Quality of Life Among Transgender Women and Men Using Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane D. Silva ◽  
Tayane M. Fighera ◽  
Roberta M. Allgayer ◽  
Maria Inês R. Lobato ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Body Hair ◽  
Trans Men ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women

Background: Gender dysphoria is defined as a feeling of distress resulting from the incongruence between the sex assigned at birth and the gender identity, lasting longer than 6 months. In individuals with gender dysphoria, gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) may improve quality of life (QoL).Objectives: We aimed to assess perceived QoL, to compare QoL scores between trans women and men and to identify possible contributing factors related to GAHT in a sample of transgender women and transgender men.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, transgender women and men were recruited by availability sampling from a national transgender health service. Individuals over 18 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of gender dysphoria receiving medically prescribed GAHT for at least 6 months were consecutively included. Also included were trans men who had undergone mastectomy and trans women who had received breast augmentation surgery. Individuals who had undergone gender affirmation surgery (specifically genital surgery) or with uncontrolled clinical/psychiatric conditions at the time of the initial assessment were excluded. Sociodemographic, physical, and hormone data were collected from all participants. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate QoL. A total of 135 transgender individuals were invited. Seventeen individuals with previous genital surgery (12.6%) and five who refused to participate (3.7%) were excluded. Therefore, 113 patients were enrolled and completed the study (60 trans women and 53 trans men).Results: QoL scores did not differ between trans women and trans men. In trans women, greater breast development and stable relationships, and higher body mass index were associated with higher QoL domain scores. In trans men, higher domain scores were found in individuals in a stable relationship, with increased body hair, engaging in physical activity, and being employed.Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that GAHT-related physical characteristics, such as breast development in trans women and increased body hair in trans men, are similar between groups, are associated with higher QoL scores, and that sociodemographic parameters may impact these associations. Healthcare providers might consider these factors when planning interventions to improve QoL in transgender individuals.

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