scholarly journals Ambulatory venous pressure, air plethysmography, and the role of calf venous pump in chronic venous disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seshadri Raju ◽  
Jordan Knepper ◽  
Corbin May ◽  
Alexander Knight ◽  
Nicholas Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Air Plethysmography

scholarly journals Pressure dynamics in chronic venous disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taimur Saleem ◽  
Seshadri Raju
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Obstruction ◽  
Resting Pressure ◽  
Air Plethysmography ◽  
Focal Stenosis

Peripheral venous pressure is regulated by central and peripheral mechanisms. Peripheral venous hypertension is an important pathologic component of chronic venous disease and is present in about two-third of patients with chronic venous disease. It can result from reflux, obstructive lesions or high arterial inflow. The dominant influence in patients with peripheral venous hypertension appears to be obstruction rather than reflux. Reflux can be superficial or deep or both. In about 70% of patients with reflux, valvular incompetence is present in the superficial, deep and perforator systems in some combination. In an ex vivo experimental model, conduit pressure increased with smaller native or functional caliber, focal stenosis and increased post-capillary inflow. Venous pressure in the lower limb can be measured in a variety of ways: supine resting pressure, erect resting pressure and ambulatory venous pressure. These measurements are affected by factors such as intra-abdominal pressure, intra-thoracic pressure, gravity, venoarteriolar reflux, valve reflux and venous obstruction. Venous obstruction is associated with elevated supine pressures while reflux is associated with elevated erect resting and ambulatory venous pressures. Ambulatory venous pressure reflects venous hypertension in patients with advanced venous disease. However, our investigation has shown that ambulatory venous pressure hypertension is rarely present if air plethysmography testing is negative. Consideration maybe given to the omission of the ambulatory venous pressure testing if air plethysmography testing is normal.

The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Chronic Venous Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 380-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Castro-Ferreira ◽  
Rita Cardoso ◽  
Adelino Leite-Moreira ◽  
Armando Mansilha
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease

Critical Buckling Pressure of Veins

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Martinez ◽  
Cesar A. Fierro ◽  
Hai-Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Critical Pressure ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Critical Buckling Pressure

Vein tortuosity is often seen as a consequence of venous hypertension and chronic venous disease. However, the underlying mechanism of vein tortuosity is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hypertensive pressure causes vein buckling that leads to tortuous veins. We determined the buckling pressure of porcine jugular veins and tested the mechanical properties of these veins. Our results demonstrated that veins buckle when the transmural pressure exceeds a critical pressure that is not much higher than normal venous pressure. The critical pressure was found to be strongly related to the axial strain in the veins. Our results are useful in understanding the development of varicose veins.

A scoping review on Chronic Venous Disease and the development of a Venous Leg Ulcer: The role of obesity and mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
A.M. Meulendijks ◽  
W.M.A. Franssen ◽  
L. Schoonhoven ◽  
H.A.M. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Leg Ulcer ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Leg Ulcer

scholarly journals The role of inflammatory reaction in chronic venous disease of the lower limb

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Ketan Vagholkar ◽  
Shivangi Garima ◽  
Yash Kripalani
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Vascular Disorder ◽  
Disease Awareness ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Chronic venous disease is the problem which is assuming alarming proportions in subjects whose occupation involves prolonged sitting or standing. The exact mechanism by which the venous system gets damaged continues to be a subject of endless research. The role of inflammation is a significant factor in the evolution of chronic venous disease. Awareness of this mechanism can help in both prevention and treatment of this complex vascular disorder. The paper reviews inflammatory mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease in lower limbs.

Altered elastase—alpha1-antitrypsin balance in the blood of patients with chronic venous disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Budzyn-Napierala ◽  
M Iskra ◽  
Z Krasinski ◽  
W Turkiewicz ◽  
B Gryszczynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Leukocyte Elastase ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
Alpha1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Antitrypsin Activity ◽  
Wall Injury

Objectives Although leukocyte elastase is suspected to be involved in the damage of vein wall during chronic venous disease, the equilibrium between this protease and its inhibitor, alpha1-antitrypsin, has not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between leukocyte elastase and alpha1-antitrypsin, in the blood of patients with chronic venous disease. Patients and methods The concentration and the activity of leukocyte elastase along with the activity of alpha1-antitrypsin were evaluated in the blood of 55 chronic venous disease patients. The results were compared with those obtained in 33 healthy age and sex-matched volunteers. Results A significant decrease in the leukocyte elastase activity that correlated with an increased alpha1-antitrypsin activity was observed in the serum of patients with mild clinical symptoms of chronic venous disease. Conclusions The results of the study did not confirm a hypothesis about an important role of proteolytic activity of leukocyte elastase in the vein wall injury mechanism. They show that the leukocyte elastase–alpha1-antitrypsin balance is rather shifted toward antiprotease activity, especially in an early stage of chronic venous disease.

O-(β-Hydroxyethyl)-Rutosides Systemic and Local Treatment in Chronic Venous Disease and Microangiopathy: An Independent Prospective Comparative Study

Angiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7S-13S ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Belcaro ◽  
Maria Rosaria Cesarone ◽  
Andrea Ledda ◽  
Marisa Cacchio ◽  
Irma Ruffini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Comparable Group

O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (HR) is used to treat chronic venous disease and signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), varicose veins, and deep venous disease. This independent prospective controlled trial (a registry study) evaluates how the efficacy of HR at the local level (perimalleolar region) can be increased by the administration of a topical HR gel. The study is based on evaluation of microcirculatory variables in patients with severe CVI (ambulatory venous pressure, >56 mm Hg) and venous microangiopathy. Patients are treated using 1 of the following 3 regimens: oral treatment with 1-g sachets of HR (2 g/d total) plus topical HR 2% gel applied 3 times daily at the internal perimalleolar region; oral treatment only (same dosage), or light elastic compression stockings. Laser Doppler skin flux at rest, skin flux at the perimalleolar region, and transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 are measured at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. A comparable group of healthy individuals without treatment is observed for 8 weeks. In the treatment groups, flux is increased, PO2 is decreased, and PCO2 is increased compared with normal skin. At 4 and 8 weeks, the improvement in skin flux (which is decreased by all measurements), the increase in PO 2, and the decrease in PCO2 (indicating microcirculatory improvement) are statistically significantly greater in the combined oral plus topical treatment group (P < .05). No adverse effects, tolerability problems, or compliance issues are noted. These results indicate an important role of HR in the treatment and control of CVI and venous microangiopathy.

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