Altered elastase—alpha1-antitrypsin balance in the blood of patients with chronic venous disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Budzyn-Napierala ◽  
M Iskra ◽  
Z Krasinski ◽  
W Turkiewicz ◽  
B Gryszczynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Leukocyte Elastase ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
Alpha1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Antitrypsin Activity ◽  
Wall Injury

Objectives Although leukocyte elastase is suspected to be involved in the damage of vein wall during chronic venous disease, the equilibrium between this protease and its inhibitor, alpha1-antitrypsin, has not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between leukocyte elastase and alpha1-antitrypsin, in the blood of patients with chronic venous disease. Patients and methods The concentration and the activity of leukocyte elastase along with the activity of alpha1-antitrypsin were evaluated in the blood of 55 chronic venous disease patients. The results were compared with those obtained in 33 healthy age and sex-matched volunteers. Results A significant decrease in the leukocyte elastase activity that correlated with an increased alpha1-antitrypsin activity was observed in the serum of patients with mild clinical symptoms of chronic venous disease. Conclusions The results of the study did not confirm a hypothesis about an important role of proteolytic activity of leukocyte elastase in the vein wall injury mechanism. They show that the leukocyte elastase–alpha1-antitrypsin balance is rather shifted toward antiprotease activity, especially in an early stage of chronic venous disease.

Duffy antigen / receptor for chemokines correlates with inflammatory reaction in rats with venous hypertension: implication for the pathogenesis of primary chronic venous disease

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibin Huang ◽  
Weiwei Qin ◽  
Lei Lv ◽  
Haoyv Deng ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Duffy Antigen

Background: Duffy antigen / receptor for chemokines (DARC) possesses high affinity for several chemokine subgroups of CC and CXC. Although DARC has been shown to play a role in many inflammatory diseases, its effect on chronic venous disease (CVD) remains unidentified. We explored whether the expression of DARC in skin tissue was activated under venous hypertension as well as the relationships between DARC and inflammation. Materials and methods: The inflammation in a rat model of venous hypertension caused by a femoral arterial-venous fistula (AVF) was studied. At specified intervals the pressure in the femoral veins was recorded within 42 days. Hindlimb skin specimens were harvested at different time points. The expressions of DARC, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in skin tissue were examined. Mononuclear cells infiltrated in skin tissue were detected. Results: Femoral venous pressures in AVF groups increased significantly at different time points (P < 0.01). DARC was expressed in skin tissue and its expression level increased significantly in AVF groups from the 7nd day on and was enhanced in a time-dependent manner within 42 days (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, both MCP-1 and IL-8 had higher levels, accompanied by increased mononuclear cells infiltrating into skin tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A rat AVF model which can maintain venous hypertension for at least 42 days is competent for researching the pathogenesis of CVD. DARC, which plays a role in the inflammation of skin tissue under venous hypertension, may become a new molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of CVD at a very early stage.

Endocrine mechanisms in the pathogenesis of primary varicosis

Phlebologie ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schnabl ◽  
A. Strölin ◽  
Ch. Busch
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Relaxin 2

SummaryIntroduction: Varicose veins affect up to 40 % of men and up to 51 % of women. The patho-physiology of primary varicosis (chronic venous insufficiency, CVI) is poorly understood. Here, the available data on possible endocrine mechanisms in healthy and varicose veins are reviewed.Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted in PubMed using the following key words: Chronic venous insufficiency, CVI, chronic venous disease, CVD, varicosis, saphenous vein, pathogenesis, hormone.Results: Several theories ranging from incompetence of the valves to functional, biological or morphologic changes in different layers of the vein wall have been proposed. However, an increasing body of evidence suggests that endocrine mechanisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of primary varicosis. In this respect a growing number of hormones (e.g. estrogen, progesterone, relaxin-2, and oxytocin) and their receptors have been linked to primary varicosis in experimental, pharmacological and histological studies.Conclusion: In summary, endocrine-based mechanisms seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of primary varicosis. This opens up the perspective for pharmacological treatments targeting the various described endocrine regulatory networks.

The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Chronic Venous Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 380-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Castro-Ferreira ◽  
Rita Cardoso ◽  
Adelino Leite-Moreira ◽  
Armando Mansilha
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease

A scoping review on Chronic Venous Disease and the development of a Venous Leg Ulcer: The role of obesity and mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
A.M. Meulendijks ◽  
W.M.A. Franssen ◽  
L. Schoonhoven ◽  
H.A.M. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Leg Ulcer ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Leg Ulcer

Increase in Proportion of Th-17 Lymphocytes in Blood Heralds Overt Acute Graft Versus Host Disease in HSCT Patients.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2226-2226
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lange ◽  
Dorota Dlubek ◽  
Emilia Jaskula ◽  
Daria Drabczak-Skrzypek ◽  
Mariola Sedzimirska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Th 17

Abstract IL-17 is involved in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, this cytokine producing cells are well characterized in the mouse model. In man, situation is more complex due to the genetic variability, co-morbidities and environmental factors influencing the immune response. In patients post HSCT alloreactivity with the presence of aGvHD is a major factor affecting the outcome of transplantation. Understanding of the role of cells involved in regulation of the immune system is crucial for the treatment tailoring to favour tolerance but not making the recipient more prone to opportunistic infections and leukaemia relapse. In this study 27 patients post HSCT were investigated for the presence of regulatory cells and those producing IFNgamma and IL-17 in blood. Blood was collected at the time of haematological recovery or when the first clinical symptoms of aGvHD became apparent and then in one week intervals until +60 day post transplantation. PBMC were stimulated for 4 hrs with BD Leukocyte Activation Cocktail in the presence of Golgi Stop (BD, Erembodegen, Belgium) and then stained extracellularly with anti-CD4, permeabilized with Fixation/Permeabilization Concentrate and Diluent (eBioscience, San Diego, CA) and finally stained with anti-IFNgamma (BD), anti-IL-17 (eBioscience) anti FoxP3 (eBioscience). CD4+ cells subpopulations were analysed according to the expression of the stained features. It was found: FoxP3+CD4+ cells were in higher proportions in pts with aGvHD (results from all time-points taken together) (9.93%±0.61 vs 8.2%±0.50, n=98, p=0.040, U Mann-Whitney test) IFNgamma producing CD4+ lymphocytes were in higher proportions (0,34 vs 0.14, ns) in blood samples taken from patients lacking as compared to those having aGvHD. CD4+IL-17+ lymphocytes proportions increased from 1.39%±0.42 to 5.33%±2.45 (p=0.04, Wilcoxon Test for pairs) one week before aGvHD. Notably, at the time of full blown aGvHD the proportions of CD4+IL-17+ cells were lower as compared to the results of previous measurements (0.74%±0.29, p=0.008, Wilcoxon Test for pairs). Taking all results together the proportion of CD4+IL17+ lymphocytes were lower in patients having as compared to those lacking aGVHD (0.93%±0.27 vs 1,53%±0,41, p=0.05, U Mann-Whitney test). It appears that: FoxP3 positive cells expand during aGvHD likely as a response to alloreactive stimulation. INFgamma+ CD4+ cells benefit the course post HSCT making the patients less susceptible to aGvHD. CD4+IL17+ cells are likely involved at the early stage of aGvHD patho-mechanism heralding the clinical manifestation of this complication, but then they disappear from blood, possibly being marginalized in the inflamed tissues.

The Role of External Banding Valvuloplasty in the Surgical Management of Chronic Deep Venous Disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schanzer ◽  
M. Skladany ◽  
E. C. Peirce
Keyword(s):  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Venous Stasis ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Objective: Correction of venous reflux by perivalvular banding in patients suffering from chronic venous stasis secondary to primary valvular incompetence. Design: Prospective study in a group of patients with severe venous insufficiency. One patient (one extremity) was lost to follow-up. Setting: Tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients: Twelve patients (13 extremities) with severe or moderate venous insufficiency. Interventions: Correction of valvular incompetence by narrowing a valvular ring with an external band. Twenty-seven bands were fitted to incompetent valves of 13 extremities. Main outcome measures: Abolition of reflux and improvement of muscle pump measured by clinical, plethysmographic and venographic criteria. Results: Symptomatic improvement was found in 10 extremities (77%) and complete correction of reflux on venography in eight extremities (67%). Plethysmographically measured reflux improved in 6 extremities (50%) and muscle pump function improved in 7 extremities (58%). No correlation was found between plethysmographic and clinical or venographic outcome. Conclusion: Perivalvular banding can correct reflux and alleviate clinical symptoms of chronic venous stasis in patients with primary valvular incompetence. Selection of patients, valves to be corrected, necessary degree of valvular ring narrowing and need for additional interventions should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Ambulatory venous pressure, air plethysmography, and the role of calf venous pump in chronic venous disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seshadri Raju ◽  
Jordan Knepper ◽  
Corbin May ◽  
Alexander Knight ◽  
Nicholas Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Air Plethysmography

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MARKERS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD. REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
V. A. Kubyshkin ◽  
L. M. Samokhodskaya ◽  
Yu. M. Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The Moment

Despite all the achievements of modern surgery, the number of postoperative infectious complications in the world remains high. Their occurrence leads to a longer period of patients’ hospitalization, requires the use of additional medical and diagnostic measures, which ultimately leads to higher treatment costs and significant financial losses in the health care system. Therefore, it is important to identify postoperative complications at an early stage, even before the development of pronounced clinical symptoms, and to predict their possible development in a certain category of patients. For these purposes, scientists try to use various laboratory markers. In this paper, we analyzed both well-known indicators of the inflammatory response, such as: C-reactive protein, albumin, their ratio, procalcitonin and interleukin-6, and relatively new parameters that research teams are trying to apply for these purposes: neutrophil granularity intensity and neutrophil reactivity intensity, pancreatic stone protein and pancreatitis-associated protein. We tried to collect the most complete information available at the moment, evaluate the opinions of researchers, identify contradictions in their works and try to explain their cause. As a result, it turned out that even the markers of inflammation known for many years are not absolutely specific for postoperative infectious complications. We concluded that most of the laboratory parameters described in this article can be used to some extent in the early diagnosis of postoperative infectious complications, but if we want to obtain more complete information in this area of knowledge, it is necessary to conduct new largescale studies.

scholarly journals The role of inflammatory reaction in chronic venous disease of the lower limb

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Ketan Vagholkar ◽  
Shivangi Garima ◽  
Yash Kripalani
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Vascular Disorder ◽  
Disease Awareness ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Chronic venous disease is the problem which is assuming alarming proportions in subjects whose occupation involves prolonged sitting or standing. The exact mechanism by which the venous system gets damaged continues to be a subject of endless research. The role of inflammation is a significant factor in the evolution of chronic venous disease. Awareness of this mechanism can help in both prevention and treatment of this complex vascular disorder. The paper reviews inflammatory mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease in lower limbs.

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