Three-dimensional computed tomography venography reconstruction facilitates the identification of atypical radiological features of the May-Thurner syndrome

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides an opportunity to develop anthropomorphic computed tomography (CT) phantoms with anatomical and radiological features mimicking a range of patients’ conditions, thus allowing development of individualised, low dose scanning protocols. However, previous studies of 3D printing in CT phantom development could only create anatomical structures using potassium iodide with attenuation values up to 1200 HU which is insufficient to mimic the radiological features of some high attenuation structures such as cortical bone. This study aimed at investigating the feasibility of using 3D printing in modelling cortical bone with a non-iodinated material. Methods: This study had 2 stages. Stage 1 involved a vat photopolymeri-sation 3D printer to directly print cube phantoms with different percentage compositions of calcium phosphate (CP) and resin (approach 1), and approach 2 using a material extrusion 3D printer to develop a cube mould for infilling of the CP with hardener as the phantom. The approach able to create the cube phantom with the CT attenuation value close to that of a tibial mid-diaphysis cortex of a real patient, 1475±205 HU was employed to develop a tibial mid-diaphysis phantom. The mean CT numbers of the cube and tibia phantoms were measured and compared with that of the original CT dataset through unpaired f-test. Results: All phantoms were scanned by CT using a lower extremity scanning protocol. The moulding approach was selected to develop the tibia mid-diaphysis phantom with CT attenuation value, 1434±184 HU which was not statistically significantly different from the one of the original dataset (p = 0.721). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility to use the material extrusion 3D printer to create a tibial mid-diaphysis mould for infilling of the CP as an anthropomorphic CT phantom and the attenuation value of its cortex matches the real patient’s one.

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LEV 9. Causes of Recurrent Varicose Vein After Endovenous Laser Ablation Therapy Confirmed by Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Venography and Duplex Ultrasound

Journal of Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jvs.2018.08.051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. e129

Author(s):

Seung-Kee Min ◽

Ahram Han ◽

Hyejin Mo ◽

Chanjoong Choi ◽

Sanghyun Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Laser Ablation ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Duplex Ultrasound ◽

Endovenous Laser Ablation ◽

Ablation Therapy ◽

Computed Tomography Venography

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Preoperative determination of anatomic variations of the small saphenous vein for varicose vein surgery by three-dimensional computed tomography venography

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1258/phleb.2011.011023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S-Y Kim ◽

E-A Park ◽

Y-C Shin ◽

S-I Min ◽

W Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Saphenous Vein ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Computed Tomography Venography

Objective To define the anatomical variations of small saphenous vein (SSV) for varicose vein (VV) surgery by three-dimensional computed tomography venography (3D-CTV) and to analyse the impact of this preoperative evaluation on surgical outcomes. Methods A total of 120 consecutive limbs with SSV insufficiency having undergone VV surgery from January 2005 until December 2007 were enrolled. The medical records and images were analysed retrospectively. Results The relationship between SSV and gastrocnemial vein (GNV) were categorized into two: (a) SSV and GNV drained to popliteal vein (PV) separately (100 limbs, 87%) and (b) SSV and GNV made common channel which drained to PV (15 limbs, 13%). Saphenopopliteal junction morphology was normal (75 limbs), severe tortuosity near PV (19 limbs), ampullary ectasia (4 limbs) and duplicated drainage to PV (2 limbs). No recurrence of VV was noted. Conclusions CTV can provide thorough preoperative anatomic information of the SSV variations and reduce the recurrence of VV.

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Three-dimensional modelling of the venous system by direct multislice helical computed tomography venography: technique, indications and results

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1258/phleb.2012.012j07 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 270-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J F Uhl

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

3D Model ◽

Vascular Malformations ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Duplex Ultrasound ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Venous System ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Helical Computed Tomography ◽

Computed Tomography Venography

The aim of multislice helical computed tomography venography (CTV) is to provide a precise, global and three-dimensional (3D) anatomical depiction of the venous network of the lower limbs. A multislice and multidetector spiral CT acquisition of the lower limbs with contrast injection of the dorsal foot produces about 1000 slices in 30 seconds. Dedicated volume-rendering software can compute a realistic and interactive 3D model of the venous system in realtime. This new tool furnishes an accurate 3D representation of the whole venous system of the lower limb with a realistic 3D model of the limbs, providing a road map of the varicose networks complementary to the duplex ultrasound (DUS). CTV allows a complete morphological study of the deep veins, including the detection of anatomical variations and proximal venous obstruction, not easily detectable by DUS. In the case of deep vein thrombosis, it has been shown to be a good diagnostic tool, well correlated with sonography. It also demonstrates, in some cases, haemodynamic patterns which are not available by DUS, particularly for perforator veins and congenital vascular malformations. The use of virtual reality techniques enables a complete anatomical study of both deep and superficial veins including a virtual dissection of the limbs. CTV is also a great educational tool to learn anatomy of the venous system and a powerful research tool to improve our knowledge of venous anatomy.

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X-ray microtomography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107058 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 998-999

Author(s):

H.W. Deckman ◽

B.F. Flannery ◽

J.H. Dunsmuir ◽

K.D' Amico

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

Individual Element ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Panoramic Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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