The switching element for a Leonard pair

This paper presents a reconfigurable frequency microstrip patch textile antenna using slotted technique. The switchable frequency is achieved by implementing three PIN diode switches at the slotted ground of the antenna. It is discovered that the switching element is capable to configure the frequency at six different states of operating frequencies between 1.575 GHz until 2.45 GHz. With certain switches configuration, the antenna is proficient to produce a dual-band frequency of band 1; 1.575 GHz and 2.45 GHz and band 2; 1.588 GHz and 2.36 GHz. Besides, the antenna has successfully perform an axial ratio of less than <3 dB at the GPS operating frequency of 1.575 GHz. A shieldit super is used for the antenna radiator and felt fabric as the antenna substrate. The design and simulated result shows that the presented antenna is potential to be implemented in GPS and Wi-Fi applications.

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switching element

Computer Science and Communications Dictionary ◽

10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_18697 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 1701-1701

Author(s):

Martin H. Weik

Keyword(s):

Switching Element

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MODEL AND ALGORITHM OF A 4 × 4 OPTICAL SWITCH

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES MANAGEMENT COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS ◽

10.24143/2072-9502-2019-2-48-55 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

Igor Olegovich Barabanov ◽

Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Barabanova ◽

Konstantin Vytovtov ◽

Natalia Sergeevna Maltseva

Keyword(s):

Communication Systems ◽

Optical Switching ◽

Optical Switch ◽

Main Element ◽

External Control ◽

Switching Element ◽

Operation Speed ◽

Switch Operation ◽

Optical Communication Systems ◽

Analysis Of Results

The main objective in improving optical communication systems, which are widely developed nowadays, is a solution of the problem of operation speed of the entire commutation system, which is limited by quick action of the outer elements of the management system. There have been presented the structure and algorithm of a radically new commutation system based on the 4x4 optical switch operation. The specific feature of the switch operation is the lack of external control over switching process. The operation principle of the main element of the 4×4 optical switch - an optical switching element - has been considered. The switching element is a photonic crystal consisting of a layer of metamaterial, a dielectric substance and ferrite films. The results of the numerical simulation of the switch are presented. The analysis of results allows to infer that the proposed switch can be used in modern communication systems.

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An Adaptive PI/Sliding Mode Controller for a Speed Drive

Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control ◽

10.1115/1.3153069 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. M. DeSantis

Keyword(s):

Performance Improvement ◽

Sliding Mode ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Open Loop ◽

Sliding Mode Controller ◽

Switching Element ◽

Parallel Addition ◽

Self Tuning ◽

Theoretical Results

A classical PI speed drive controller modified with the parallel addition of an on-off switching element appears to offer a potential for reasonable improvement over the performance of the original version. This improvement is obtained by combining classical transfer function techniques, sliding mode systems ideas, and self-tuning. While theoretical results, extended simulations, and preliminary experimental tests are encouraging, they do suggest that in actual industrial applications performance improvement may be conditioned by the usage of better performing open loop components.

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