Efficient organization of nodes in wireless sensor networks (clustering location-based LEACH)

The rapid development of connected devices and wireless communication has enabled several researchers to study wireless sensor networks and propose methods and algorithms to improve their performance. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are composed of several sensor nodes deployed to collect and transfer data to base station (BS). Sensor node is considered as the main element in this field, characterized by minimal capacities of storage, energy, and computing. In consequence of the important impact of the energy on network lifetime, several researches are interested to propose different mechanisms to minimize energy consumption. In this work, we propose a new enhancement of low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol, named clustering location-based LEACH (CLOC-LEACH), which represents a continuity of our previous published work location-based LEACH (LOC-LEACH). The proposed protocol organizes sensor nodes into four regions, using clustering mechanism. In addition, an efficient concept is adopted to choose cluster head. CLOC-LEACH considers the energy as the principal metric to choose cluster heads and uses a gateway node to ensure the inter-cluster communication. The simulation with MATLAB shows that our contribution offers better performance than LEACH and LOC-LEACH, in terms of stability, energy consumption and network lifetime.

No Need for Radio Active Tracer When Mother Nature Helps Detecting the Effective Hydraulic Fracture Height

The tight gas reservoirs of Haima Supergroup provide the majority of gas production in the Sultanate of Oman. The paper discusses a possibility of using the anomalies from natural radioactivity to evaluate the fracture height for complex tight gas in mature fields of Oman. The standard industry practice is adding radioactive isotopes to the proppant. Spectral Gamma Ray log is used to determine near wellbore traced proppant placement. Spectral Noise log in combination with Production logs helps to identify the active fractures contributing to production. These methods complement each other, but they are obviously associated with costs. Hence, majority of wells are fracced without tracers or any other fracture height diagnostics. However, in several brown fields, an alternative approach to identify fracture height has been developed which provides fit-for-purpose results. It is based on the analysis of naturally occurring radioactive minerals (NORM) precipitation. The anomalies were observed in the many gas reservoirs even in cases when tracers were not used. At certain conditions, these anomalies can be used to characterize fracture propagation and optimize future wells hydraulic Fracture design. A high number of PLTs and well test information were analyzed. Since tight formations normally don't produce without fracturing, radioactive anomalies flag the contributing intervals and hence fracture propagation. The main element of analysis procedure is related to that fact that if no tracers applied, the discrepancy between normalized Open Hole Gamma Ray and Gamma Ray taken during PLT after 6-12 months of production can be used instead to establish fracture height. This method cannot be applied for immediate interpretation of fracture propagation because time is required to precipitate NORM and using the anomalies concept. The advantage of this method is that it can be used in some fields to estimate the frac effectiveness of wells without artificial tracers. It is normally assumed that the Natural radioactivity anomalies appear mainly due to co-production of the formation water. However, in the fields of interest the anomalies appear in wells producing only gas and condensate. This observation provides an opportunity for active fracture height determination at minimum cost.

RISK AND ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF ENTREPRENEURIAL STRUCTURES

The article reveals the features of risk and the specifics of ensuring the economic sustainability of entrepreneurial structures. It has been determined that the components of the economic sustainability of entrepreneurial structures are financial sustainability, production sustainability, personnel sustainability, investment sustainability, marketing sustainability, managerial sustainability, organizational sustainability, communicative sustainability, socio-psychological sustainability, innovative sustainability, environmental sustainability, technical and technological sustainability, market sustainability, sustainability of external relationships, sustainability of the institutional environment, sustainability of information support. It has been established that the procedure for managing the economic sustainability of entrepreneurial structures includes a risk factor, since the adoption of managerial decisions on issues of economic sustainability is probable. It has been established that the key factor influencing the economic sustainability of entrepreneurial structures is economic risk, which is based on internal and external sources of negative impact on the development potential of entrepreneurial structures towards its effective implementation and sustainable development in uncertain conditions. It is proved that the risk resistance of entrepreneurial structures is the main element of the overall zustainability of entrepreneurial structures and an integral characteristic of entrepreneurial structures as open socio-economic systems, which characterize the general possibilities of achieving effective and risk-free functioning. It has been established that one of the tools for creating favorable conditions for the functioning of entrepreneurial structures is risk management, the main tasks of which are to determine the object of management for a specific entrepreneurial structure, to establish the level of danger of realizing a certain risk, to determine the possible consequences and amount of damage, to assess the propensity of entrepreneurial structures to the risk of doing business activities, defining a system of priority directions for responding to a risk, developing risk management mechanisms for entrepreneurial structures. In the future, it is recommended to study the causes, consequences and components of the process of managing entrepreneurial risks.

Noun Phrases in "Imaji Terindah" Novel By Sitta Karina: A Generative Transformation Analysis

This article is about noun phrases that basically consists of a noun. The data used in this article is taken from the novel "Imaji Terindah" by Sitta Karina with a generative transformation approach. The theory of generative transformation is a system of rules consisting of a limited set of rules but capable of generating or creating a limited number of sentences. There are three stages followed in this research method, namely the stage of providing data. In this step, the listening method is used. Then in analyzing the data analysis, the author uses the distributional method. And the last stage presenting the results of data analysis. At this stage the author uses a formal method. The characteristic of noun phrases in this novel is the noun as the main element. Noun phrases is functioned the subject, predicate, and object. Based on the characteristics of noun phrases in this novel, the elements of noun phrases are grouped into two types, namely primary elements and modifier elements. In the novel "The most beautiful image" by Sitta Karina, there are many sentences using the 'yang' relator.

The Relevance of Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2020 in Efforts of State Losses Refund through Restorative Justice

The government has moved quickly to find a legal breakthrough related to reducing corruption in Indonesia. One of the efforts made by the government is through the Supreme Court to eradicate corruption is the enactment of Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for the Criminalization of Articles 2 and 3 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. The consideration is that the imposition of a crime must be carried out with due regard for the certainty and proportionality of punishment to realize justice based on Pancasila and the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution. The objectives of the Supreme Court Regulation prioritize victim’s losses to be recovered. Moreover, the regulation proportional benefits in imposing penalties on criminal cases is compatible with the Restorative Justice approach. The restorative justice process is expected to be a legal breakthrough in restoring state finances, with dealing with Criminal Corruption Cases focusing on efforts to restore state finances as a whole rather than just prosecuting the perpetrators. Thus, the purpose of this research is to determine how relevant Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2020 are to efforts to recover state losses through restorative justice. This research employs both a normative and an empirical legal approach. Data were gathered through literature reviews and field studies and analyzed qualitatively. The present study confirmed the author's thoughts about the relevancies of Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2020 to recover state losses through restorative justice as Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2020 play a role as a law enforcement's main element as a legal substance.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Aircraft Accident Threat Parrying Method

An anti-aircraft accident method is proposed, implemented in the decision support module, which is the main element of the flight safety control system and is a dynamic expert system. On the basis of the proposed method, recommendations are formed to the threat countering crew accidents using the information about its psychophysical state, the technical state an aircraft, external influencing factors, as well as a forecast of changes in flight conditions. The advantage of the proposed method is the ability to identify the immediate threat of an accident, as well as the development of management decisions to reduce the impact of the cause of the accident on flight safety. The peculiarity of the method of parrying the threat of an aircraft accident is the classification of management decisions depending on the flight conditions of the aircraft, which will reduce the computational costs for generating a threat parrying signal. Numerical modeling of the work using the assessment of a set of decision support rules made it possible to confirm its performance. The results can be used in systems development for safety an aircraft’s flight, the mathematical support of decision support systems.

Experimental Study on Stratification Morphology of the Molten Pool During Severe Accident

Stratification morphology of a molten pool under severe reactor accident was investigated by the CESEF experimental facility. The experimental scale was 5,000 g, the atomic ratio of U/Zr was 1.5, the content of stainless steel was 10%, and the oxidation degree of Zr was 40–100%. It was shown that the molten pool was obviously stratified within the range of experimental parameters; one was a metal layer, and the other was an oxide layer. The layered morphology of the molten pool was different with the composition of different corium. With the decrease in the Zr oxidation degree, the metal layer moved downward in the molten pool, and the molten pool would overturn. The main elements in the oxide layer were U, Zr, and O, and the content of stainless steel was low. The main element in the metal layer was stainless steel and contained a certain amount of U and Zr.

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PERUBAHAN PERILAKU DALAM PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DI TK‘AISYIYAH BUSTANUL ATHFAL KOTA BENGKULU

Health education is the main element in early childhood education. Several government policies have also integrate health education into Early Childhood curriculum Education, however, its implementation has not been realized in all early childhood institutions. TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (TK ABA), is the oldest PAUD institution in Indonesia. Along the way, he continues to improve to improve the quality of learning both from the curriculum and the quality of educators (teachers). This article is an evaluation of education and training activities carried out by DIKDASMEN PP Aisyiyah in collaboration with UHAMKA in Bengkulu city which is a series of training in eight provinces throughout Indonesia. This evaluation is to assess health education materials through a behavior change communication approach. The method used is conducting pretest and posttest as well as in-depth interviews with 3 training participants. The results of the posttest showed an increase in knowledge of early childhood teachers after the training was carried out. All informants said the importance of health education in the Early Childhood Education curriculum.

Determination of the magnitude of short-circuit surge current for the construction of relay protection on reed switches and microprocessors

A study of the functioning of reed switches under the influence of a magnetic field created by a current in a conductor in a transient mode with the presence of an aperiodic component has been carried out. A well-known method for determining current using reed switches was implemented. At the same time, it was determined that the originally formulated method did not give the required result within the limits of errors. This is most likely due to the peculiarities of the mechanism of movement of the reed switch contacts. Alternatively, the measurements were taken to take the return currents instead of the pick-up currents and the time between the return times. They are more stable. Simulation is performed, experimental determination of the value of surge current by measuring time is carried out. The main element of the created installation was the power transformer coil with low active and high inductive resistance. As part of the study, the reed switches were placed in a magnetic field with an aperiodic component, as in the transient mode. This study will show the applicability of reed switches for the construction of relay protection devices that will not need current transformers to obtain information about the primary current in the conductor. In the course of the research, it was found that the error in determining the magnitude of current was no more than 10 %. Using microprocessors, it is possible to build relay protection devices with a speed of up to 20 ms. This result makes it possible to build new devices. Since in the well-known developments, it was only said about determining the magnitude of current in a steady state. When building relay protection devices on reed switches, without using current transformers, it will be possible to build backup protections that duplicate not only the devices themselves, but also the primary measuring transformers with other sensitive elements. This will improve the reliability of the power supply.