Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity levels in herring (Clupea harengus), flounder (Platichthys flesus) and cod (Gadus morhua) inhabiting the Gdansk Basin of the Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Valskienė ◽  
Janina Baršienė ◽  
Laura Butrimavičienė ◽  
Wlodzimierz Grygiel ◽  
Virmantas Stunžėnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Platichthys Flesus ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Environmental Genotoxicity

scholarly journals An ecosystem model of food web and fisheries interactions in the Baltic Sea

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J Harvey ◽  
Sean P Cox ◽  
Timothy E Essington ◽  
Sture Hansson ◽  
James F Kitchell
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Because fisheries operate within a complex array of species interactions, scientists increasingly recommend multispecies approaches to fisheries management. We created a food web model for the Baltic Sea proper, using the Ecopath with Ecosim software, to evaluate interactions between fisheries and the food web from 1974 to 2000. The model was based largely on values generated by multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA). Ecosim outputs closely reproduced MSVPA biomass estimates and catch data for sprat (Sprattus sprattus), herring (Clupea harengus), and cod (Gadus morhua), but only after making adjustments to cod recruitment, to vulnerability to predation of specific species, and to foraging times. Among the necessary adjustments were divergent trophic relationships between cod and clupeids: cod exhibited top-down control on sprat biomass, but had little influence on herring. Fishing, the chief source of mortality for cod and herring, and cod reproduction, as driven by oceanographic conditions as well as unexplained variability, were also key structuring forces. The model generated many hypotheses about relationships between key biota in the Baltic Sea food web and may ultimately provide a basis for estimating community responses to management actions.

scholarly journals Relationships between fish stock changes in the Baltic Sea and the M74 syndrome, a reproductive disorder of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2134-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Mikkonen ◽  
Marja Keinänen ◽  
Michele Casini ◽  
Jukka Pönni ◽  
Pekka J. Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Mikkonen, J., Keinänen, M., Casini, M., Pönni, J., and Vuorinen, P. J. 2011. Relationships between fish stock changes in the Baltic Sea and the M74 syndrome, a reproductive disorder of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2134–2144. The M74 syndrome of Baltic salmon (Salmo salar), which appears as increased yolk-sac fry mortality (YSFM), impairs the reproduction of salmon stocks. Changes in the prey stocks of Baltic salmon in its two feeding areas, the southern Baltic Proper (BPr), where sprat (Sprattus sprattus) was the main prey species during the high incidence of M74, and the Bothnian Sea, where herring (Clupea harengus) is the dominant species, were analysed in relation to salmon growth and size and in relation to the incidence of M74. The high condition factor (CF > 1.05) of prespawning salmon predicted high YSFM. From the various stock factors of sprat and herring in the southern BPr, the biomass of sprat had the strongest positive relationships with the CF of prespawning salmon, and the total prey biomass with YSFM. It is concluded that the ample but unbalanced food resources for salmon in the BPr, primarily sprat, induce M74. By reducing the fishing pressure on cod (Gadus morhua) and by more effectively managing the sprat fishery in years when the cod stock is weak, the incidence of the M74 syndrome could be reduced and even prevented.

Diet composition of herring (Clupea harengus L.) and cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the southern Baltic Sea in 2007 and 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Dziaduch
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractDiet composition of two commercial fish species, herring and cod, were studied in some regions (mainly Gda’nsk and Bornholm Basins, and the Polish coast) of the southern Baltic Sea in 2007 and 2008. Herring is the dominant zooplanktivorous species in the ecosystem of the Baltic Sea, but apart from mesoplanktonic organisms it also eats macroplanktonic and benthic species in considerable amount. The diet of cod consists of fish and crustaceans from pelagic, hyperbenthic and benthic habitats. The feeding preferences of fish indirectly reflect changes in the whole food chain in the Baltic Sea. This research focuses specifically on these invertebrate species, which are eliminated from the environment by most of the ichthyofauna of this region. The aim of this research is to examine the role of invertebrate organisms belonging to Crustacea in the diet of herring and adult cod to supply updated results about feeding of these fish as little data have been collected since the 1990s. The present study is a preliminary survey and results can not be considered conclusive. The restricted numbers of analyzed stomachs of fish and selected seasons of the year addressed in this paper are a starting point for further studies with a larger scope. In this study, 20 to 90% of herring had empty stomachs. Mesozooplankton dominated the diets of small and large herring. Mysidacea, which were historically important prey for herring, are now scarce and have been replaced by planktonic Amphipoda. In the case of cod, consumption of Mysidacea has never been as low as in this study. As for other invertebrate prey, the benthic isopod Saduria and Crangon shrimp achieved the highest amount by number and weight. These results show distinct changes in diet when compared to previous investigations and require verification at a larger spatial scale.

scholarly journals HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH INTESTINAL TRACT OF FISH FROM THE BALTIC SEA / ANGLIAVANDENILIUS SKAIDANČIOS BAKTERIJOS BALTIJOS JŪROS ŽUVŲ VIRŠKINAMUOSIUOSE TRAKTUOSE / УГЛЕВОДОРОД РАСЩЕПЛЯЮЩИЕ БАКТЕРИИ В ПИЩЕВАРИТЕЛЬНОМ ТРАКТЕ РЫБ БАЛТИЙСКОГО МОРЯ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Šyvokienė ◽  
Liongina Micknienė
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
The Baltic

The hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial diversity of the intestinal tract content of fish – the Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), plaice (Platichthys flesus) and the Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) – from the Baltic Sea has been investigated by molecular methods: DNA extraction, amplification polymerase chain reaction product and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes. The results of this study show that dense total heterotrophic bacterial populations occur in the intestinal tract of investigated fish. The data obtained showed that the abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the intestinal tract of fish varied from 2.40×104 to 1.08×105 cfu g–1between fish species and was still high. Phenotypic examination of the recorded hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from the intestinal tract of the Baltic cod, plaice and the Baltic herring revealed that they belong to Aeromonas, Pseudomonas/Shewanella. Molecular species of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria found in the digestive tract of fish from the Baltic Sea were: Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas sobria, Shewanella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. We argue that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in intestinal tract of fish take part in purification processes, as well as, bacteria in water and play a role in adaptation and survival of fish chronically exposed to pollution with hydrocarbons. Santrauka Angliavandenilius skaidančių bakterijų įvairovė Baltijos jūros žuvų – menkių (Gadus morhua), plekšnių (Platichthys flesus) ir strimėlių (Clupea harengus) žarnynų turinyje tirta molekuliniais metodais: DNR išskyrimas, polimerazės grandininės reakcijos produkto amplifikacija ir 16S rRNR genų sekvenavimas. Tirtų žuvų žarnynuose nustatytos gausios heterotrofinių bakterijų populiacijos. Angliavandenilius skaidančios bakterijos išskirtos iš visų tirtų žuvų žarnynų turinio. Jų kiekis žuvų žarnynuose svyravo nuo 2,4×104 iki 1,08×105 kfv (koloniją formuojantis vienetas) ir buvo pakankamai didelis. Fenotipiniais bakterijų identifikavimo metodais nustatyta, kad angliavandenilius skaidančios bakterijos, išskirtos iš Baltijos jūros žuvų žarnynų turinio, priklausė Aeromonas Pseudomonas/Shewanella gentims. Molekuliniais metodais nustatyta, kad angliavandenilius skaidančios bakterijos tirtų žuvų žarnynuose yra Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas veronii, Shewanella spp. ir Acinetobacter spp. Galima daryti prielaida, kad žuvų žarnynuose gyvenančios angliavandenilius skaidančios bakterijos dalyvauja savivalos procesuose kaip ir vandenyje gyvenančios bei angliavandenilius skaidančios bakterijos ir padeda adaptuotis ir išgyventi žuvims vandenyse, pastoviai teršiamuose nafta ir jos produktais. Резюме Разнообразие углеводородрасщепляющих бактерий в содержимом кишечника рыб: трески (Gadus morhua), камбалы (Platichthys flesus ) и салаки (Clupea harengus) из Балтийского моря было исследовано молекулярными методами: выделение ДНК, амплификация ПЦР продукта, секвенация 16S рРНК генов. В кишечнике исследованныхрыб найдены многочисленные популяции гетеротрофных бактерий. Углеводородрасщепляюшие бактерии выделены из содержимого кишечника всех исследованных рыб. Их численность колебалась в пределах 2,4×10 4 – 1,08×10 5 КФЕ (колонию формирующая единица) и была достаточно высокая. Фенотипическими методами идентификации бактерий установлено, что углеводородрасщепляюшие бактерии из пищеварительного тракта рыбпринадлежали родам Aeromonas и Pseudomonas/Shewanella. Молекулярными методами определено, что углеводородрасщепляюшие бактерии из пищеварительного тракта рыб принадлежали видам Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas veronii, Shewanella spp., Acinetobacter spp. Можно предположить, что углеводородрасщепляющие бактерии из пищеварительного тракта рыб участвуют в процессах самоочищения, как и бактерии, обитающие в водной среде, атакже помогают адаптироваться и выжить рыбам в водах, постоянно загрязняемых нефтью и ее продуктами.

scholarly journals Deoxygenation impacts on Baltic Sea cod: Dramatic declines in ecosystem services of an iconic keystone predator

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Orio ◽  
Yvette Heimbrand ◽  
Karin Limburg
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Generalized Additive Model ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Hypoxic Zone ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Cod

AbstractThe intensified expansion of the Baltic Sea’s hypoxic zone has been proposed as one reason for the current poor status of cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea, with repercussions throughout the food web and on ecosystem services. We examined the links between increased hypoxic areas and the decline in maximum length of Baltic cod, a demographic proxy for services generation. We analysed the effect of different predictors on maximum length of Baltic cod during 1978–2014 using a generalized additive model. The extent of minimally suitable areas for cod (oxygen concentration ≥ 1 ml l−1) is the most important predictor of decreased cod maximum length. We also show, with simulations, the potential for Baltic cod to increase its maximum length if hypoxic areal extent is reduced to levels comparable to the beginning of the 1990s. We discuss our findings in relation to ecosystem services affected by the decrease of cod maximum length.

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