scholarly journals Spatiotemporal patterns in the natural and anthropogenic additions to the soundscape in parts of the Salish Sea, British Columbia, 2018–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 112647
Author(s):  
R.E. Burnham ◽  
S. Vagle ◽  
C. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Salish Sea

Near-Infrared Spectrometry of Stone Celts in Precontact British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Morin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Interaction Spheres ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometer

Research into broad patterns of trade and exchange in precontact British Columbia, Canada, has been very limited. This paper addresses that shortcoming by presenting the results of a mineralogical study of 1,374 stone celts and 131 sawn cores from which celts were manufactured from 196 archaeological sites across British Columbia. These artifacts were an integral part of the woodworking toolkits of aboriginal peoples in this region from ca. 3500 B.P. to around contact at about 180 B.P. The mineralogy of these artifacts was determined using a portable near-infrared spectrometer, and the resulting data mapped using Geographic Information Systems. The results of this study indicate that celt production and exchange largely occurred within five discrete celt stone regions. For two of these celt stone regions—the Salish Sea and the Canadian Plateau—1 argue that these represent interaction spheres. Only in the Salish Sea were considerable numbers of celts imported from another region. For the remaining three regions, not enough data are available on the geological distribution of various celt stones or on the spatial patterns of celt production to differentiate regional interaction from individual procurement and production.

CANADA – UNITED STATES (SALISH SEA) SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATIONS: A COMPARISON

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Scott Knutson ◽  
Craig Dougans ◽  
Gary Reiter ◽  
Don Rodden ◽  
Erik Kidd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
United States Coast Guard ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Common Foundation ◽  
International Border

ABSTRACT The Salish Sea comprises the inland marine waters of Washington and British Columbia and is intersected by an international border between Canada and the United States. Planning for oil spills that threaten to cross the international border is under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Coast Guard and the United States Coast Guard as described in the Canada-United States Joint Marine Contingency Plan. As Canadian companies gain approval to construct new pipelines in order to move oil sands from Alberta, Canada, to Vancouver, British Columbia, and westward, governments, agencies and citizens are publicly questioning whether current levels of oil spill preparedness and response equipment will be adequate for the increased tanker traffic from Canadian ports. This paper will be a single document that contains a snapshot of regulations, actual inventories and current philosophies that make up the 2014 response picture for the Salish Sea. It does not seek to denigrate either nation's response posture but rather to provide hard numbers as a common foundation for future discussions.

Pirates of the Salish Sea: Labor, Mobility, and Environment in the Transnational West

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISSA WADEWITZ
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Salish Sea

This article illustrates that a transnational perspective reveals how nature and work intertwined to shape workers' responses to evolving regional class relations in the western Canadian-U.S. borderlands. Labor and environment are intimately connected in all the West's extractive industries, and workers engaged and learned about the natural world through their labor. In the watery borderland between Washington and British Columbia, they also used the fl uidity of this border to cross the international line and enter more advantageous markets, escape authorities, and express dissatisfaction with class inequities and ethnoracial tensions. These activities earned them the epithets "bandits" and "pirates," especially from U.S. and Canadian canners who sought to manipulate ethnic differences to exploit workers more effectively. The Fraser River salmon fi shery offers a microcosm through which to assess how western labor and environmental history intersect, and what these linkages can reveal about issues of power and human agency.

scholarly journals Diet of the Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) in the Salish Sea, British Columbia, in the 1960s

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Hipfner ◽  
Moira Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Ammodytes Hexapterus ◽  
Saanich Inlet ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Sand Lance ◽  
Calanus Marshallae

The diet of the Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) was quantified from the stomach contents of 115 Pacific Sand Lance caught in the Strait of Georgia and Saanich Inlet (Vancouver Island) in the Salish Sea, British Columbia, in the spring and summer of 1966, in the Strait of Georgia in the spring and summer of 1967, and in the Strait of Georgia and Saanich Inlet in the spring and summer of 1968. There were 12 major taxa of prey in diets, 8 of which were Crustacea. Based on an index of relative importance, copepods were the dominant prey in 1966 and 1968, but not in 1967, when cladocerans, larvaceans, and teleosts also were common. The copepods Pseudocalanus spp. and Calanus marshallae were the only taxa to appear in diets in all three years. Pseudocalanus dominated the copepod component of diets in 1966, when sampling occurred in July; unspecified copepod nauplii (an early larval stage) were dominant in 1967 and 1968, when sampling occurred earlier (April to June). With the profound changes that have occurred in the Salish Sea over recent decades, these data can serve as a baseline for comparison.

CANADA – UNITED STATES (SALISH SEA) SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATIONS: A COMPARISON REVISITED

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017-102
Author(s):  
Scott Knutson ◽  
Craig Dougans
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Response Organization ◽  
International Border

Abstract number: 2017-102The Salish Sea comprises the North American inland marine waters of Washington State and British Columbia; an international border between Canada and the United States intersects it. Planning for oil spills that threaten to cross the international border is under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) and the United States Coast Guard (USCG) as described in the Canada-United States Joint Marine Contingency Plan. As Canadian companies gain approval to construct new pipelines to move oil-sands-derived crude oil from the landlocked province of Alberta to the tidewater province of British Columbia, governments, agencies and citizens are publicly questioning whether current levels of oil spill preparedness and response equipment will be adequate for the increased tanker traffic from Canadian ports. These stakeholders may likewise be unaware of forthcoming spill prevention and response enhancements, by the Canadian government and industry, associated with new energy infrastructure projects.This paper will expand on a 2014 IOSC paper entitled CANADA – UNITED STATES (SALISH SEA) SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATIONS: A COMPARISON,1 which was a snapshot of regulations, actual inventories and philosophies that made up the 2014 response picture for the south Salish Sea shared between Canada and the United States. In order to see the entire picture, the reader is encouraged to have both documents at hand.2 The updated paper reviews changes to American Oil Spill Response Organization (OSRO) and Canadian Response organization (RO) equipment inventories, changes to the Canada Shipping Act 2001, Canada's new Oceans Protection Plan (OPP), United States newly implemented non-floating oil ORSO classification, Washington State's oil spill contingency plans and the future buildup of response equipment and personnel.

Declining spring usage of core habitat by endangered fish-eating killer whales reflects decreased availability of their primary prey

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika W. Shields ◽  
Jimmie Lindell ◽  
Julie Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Critical Habitat ◽  
Endangered Fish ◽  
The North

The salmon-eating Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) of the north-eastern Pacific Ocean are listed as endangered both in the United States and Canada. Their critical habitat has been defined as the region of the inland waters of Washington State and British Columbia known as the Salish Sea, where they have traditionally spent much of their time from spring through fall. Using reports from experienced observers to sightings networks, we tracked the daily presence of the Southern Residents in these waters from 1 April to 30 June from 1994 through 2016. We found that the escapement estimates of spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the Fraser River in British Columbia were a significant predictor of the cumulative presence/absence of the whales throughout the spring season. There was also a difference in both whale presence and salmon abundance before and after 2005, suggesting that the crash in Chinook salmon numbers has fallen below threshold where it is worthwhile for the whales to spend as much time in the Salish Sea. The use of the Salish Sea by the Southern Residents has declined in the spring months as they are either foraging for Chinook salmon elsewhere or are shifting to another prey species. In order to continue providing necessary protections to this endangered species, critical habitat designations must be re-evaluated as this population of killer whales shifts its range in response to prey availability.

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