Determination of water loss for an adiabatic cooling of a fin fan water cooler

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay W. Bhatkar
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Adiabatic Cooling ◽  
Water Cooler

scholarly journals Determination of Extratropical Tropopause Height in an Idealized Gray Radiation Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2272-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Zurita-Gotor ◽  
Geoffrey K. Vallis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flux ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Tropopause Height ◽  
Residual Circulation ◽  
Vertical Scale ◽  
Adiabatic Cooling ◽  
Extratropical Tropopause ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Cooling Model

Abstract This paper investigates the mechanisms that determine the extratropical tropopause height, extending previous results with a Newtonian cooling model. A primitive equation model forced by a meridional gradient of incoming solar radiation, with the outgoing infrared radiation calculated using a simple gray radiation scheme, is now used. The tropopause is defined as the top of the boundary layer over which dynamical heat transport moves the temperature away from radiative equilibrium, and its height is estimated from the isentropic mass flux. Depending on parameters, this tropopause may or may not be associated with a sharp stratification change, and it may or may not be possible to define a thermal tropopause. The mass flux and thermal tropopause display similar sensitivity to external parameters when the latter can be defined; this is a sensitivity in good agreement with predictions by a radiative constraint. In some contrast to the Newtonian model, the radiative constraint is now quite effective in preventing adjustment to marginal criticality with realistic parameters. The meridional structure of the thermal tropopause displays a jump in height at the jet latitude, which appears to be due to the formation of a mixing barrier at the jet maximum when baroclinicity has a finite vertical scale. As meridional potential vorticity mixing is inhibited across the jet, a discontinuity is created between weakly stratified air on its warm side and strongly stratified air on its cool side. The meridional stratification contrast is created by adiabatic cooling and warming by the residual circulation, as this circulation must be deflected vertically to avoid the mixing barrier at the jet maximum.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Saluran Sekunder Taroang Daerah Irigasi Kelara

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik Iqbal ◽  
Zulvyah Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Preparation Plant

The purpose of the research is the determinationof Irrigation water requirement based on primer datas collectingand analysis factors of land preparation, plant growth,determination of water loss due to percolation. Irrigation waterrequirement depends from various factors in the preparation ofthe land, plant growth, determination of water loss due topercolation, the determination of the replacement of water andrain layer effectively. The availability of irrigation water iscalculated based on discharge data retrieval on the TaroangSecondary channel. which then processed to obtain the finalresult of the availability of water in the channel. Results of thestudy shown that needs water to irrigate an area of secondarychannels Taroang covering an area of 2,140 Ha as much 39.11m3/s. While the availability of water that goes into the secondarychannel taroang where discharge a minimum of 0.12 m3/s and themaximum discharge of 0.31 m3/s.

Determination of Economic Leakage Level with Optimization Algorithm in Water Distribution Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 2150014
Author(s):  
Mahmut Firat ◽  
Salih Yilmaz ◽  
Abdullah Ateş ◽  
Özgür Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
System Components ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Water Loss Management ◽  
Sample System

It is necessary to set the most appropriate targets in water loss management (WLM) and to choose the most economically and technically suitable method to achieve these targets. The aim of this work is to define the level of economic leakage with the optimization algorithm in sustainable WLM, considering the system components, requirements and costs of the methods. For this purpose, a new model based on discrete stochastic optimization has been developed to determine the most appropriate values of the pressure level and the number of teams. After the system components were entered into the model, the optimal values of parameters were determined according to the problem-specific defined objective function. It was calculated that the pressure should be reduced from 40[Formula: see text]m to 25.30[Formula: see text]m, and the number of teams was 4 for the sample system. The Economic Leakage Level for the system was calculated as 145.85[Formula: see text]m3/day in volume and 11.9% in percentage.

Measurement of VO2, VCO2, and evaporative water loss with a flow-through mask

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Loss Data ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Co2 Absorbent ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Equations for the calculation of VO2, VCO2, and evaporative water loss were derived for use of a paramagnetic gas analyzer with a flow-through respirometry system and an open or closed mask. The magnitude of errors involved in the determination of VO2 with no CO2 absorbent are small (+/-3%) but may be greater if no H2O absorbent is used, unless an appropriate correctionis made for evaporative water loss. Data collected for hummingbirds (Selasphorus sasin) and monitor lizards (Varanus gouldii) indicate the validity ofthe technics described for the measurement of RQ and evaporative water lossand demonstrate the use of paramagnetic gas analyzers in monitoring respiratory patterns.

scholarly journals Monitoring of surface water and bottom sediments at the area of the gas transportation objects in the cryolithozone

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Ganova ◽  
O. V. Skopintseva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Low Levels

This paper presents a program of observation of the surface water and bottom sediments. In accordance with existing regulatory requirements, these elements are directly connected, which allows determination of the water loss and the level of geochemical contamination of rivers and large lakes due to dissolution, migration and accumulation of chemicals in the proper water intake areas, in background and in control points of water bodies. Since monitoring of the surface waters and of the bottom sediments is a part of the complex geoecological monitoring, it is necessary to reflect the feasibility of the work and, accordingly, its objectivity. In addition, results should be reliable and complete, and information received during the observations should be presented in a manner that is convenient for the consumer, which requires additional steps of systematization of the information obtained, data processing and formation of the information banks. When designing a network of monitoring points in the study area, we should follow the same principle that is used for determination of sustainability category of geoecological systems: with other identical conditions, monitoring points should be located in places characterized by low levels of stability and within the zones of exposure to high environmental risk objects.

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