Comparative analysis of oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests in mice

ABSTRACT Six cases of congenital generalized lipodystrophy have been studied at different ages from infancy to adolescence with regard to glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. During the first few years of life there is normal glucose tolerance. The fasting immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) levels are either slightly elevated or normal. The IRI response to glucose is exaggerated and prolonged, at least from the third year of life. Some degree of insulin resistance is already present in infancy. From the age of 8–10 years glucose tolerance decreases rapidly. The fasting IRI levels are usually grossly elevated, while fasting plasma glucose levels are only moderately elevated or normal. The IRI responses to oral and iv administered glucose, and to tolbutamide are exaggerated; the insulinogenic indices are high. Cortisone primed glucose tolerance tests become abnormal. Insulin resistance is marked, and increases with age. After cessation of growth at approximately 12 years of age, frank diabetes with fasting hyperglycaemia and diabetic glucose tolerance curves developed in the one patient followed beyond this age. Her fasting IRI was increased, but there was a poor IRI response to glucose stimulation, suggesting a partial exhaustion of the β-cells. Her initial IRI response to tolbutamide was still good, but not as brisk as in the younger patients. This type of diabetes is quite different from the juvenile form, and also from the diabetes of older age. It may be causally related to the lack of an adequate adipose organ necessary for the disposal of excesses of glucose, or possibly related to another anti-insulin mechanism.

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2247-PUB: Comparative Analysis of the Thickness of Inner Retinal Layers among African Immigrants Based on Their Status of Glucose Tolerance

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db19-2247-pub ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2247-PUB

Author(s):

CHRISTOPHER K. HWANG ◽

ELVIRA AGRON ◽

ANNE E. SUMNER ◽

SARA M. BRIKER ◽

JESSICA Y. ADUWO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

African Immigrants ◽

Retinal Layers

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Implications for Drug Characterization in Glucose Tolerance Tests Without Insulin: Simulation Study of Power and Predictions Using Model-Based Analysis

CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology ◽

10.1002/psp4.12214 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 686-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SM Sheikh Ghadzi ◽

MO Karlsson ◽

MC Kjellsson

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Model Based ◽

Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽

Model Based Analysis

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Forearm glucose uptake during glucose tolerance tests in chronic alcoholics

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.3109/00365517709091487 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 229-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ragnar Hed ◽

Lars Erik Lindblad ◽

Arne Nygren ◽

Lars Sundblad

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Glucose Tolerance Tests

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Low carbohydrate intake and oral glucose-tolerance tests

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(05)60563-6 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 352 (9135) ◽

pp. 1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keiji Yoshioka ◽

Sadayoshi Yokoh ◽

Toshihide Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽

Glucose Tolerance Tests

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The Influence of Glucose Tolerance tests on Subsequent Carbohydrate Metabolism in Pregnancy

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica ◽

10.3109/00016349609033329 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 347-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hedy Yun Mei Fung ◽

Shu Pong Wong ◽

Michael Rogers

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽

In Pregnancy

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Letter To The Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.46.4.651 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 651-651

Author(s):

Jill M. Forrest ◽

Margaret A. Menser ◽

J. D. Harley

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Congenital Rubella ◽

Letter To The Editor ◽

Routine Clinical Examination ◽

Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽

Original Report

We were most interested to read of Plotkin and Kaye's two children with congenital rubella and diabetes mellitus. Since our original report of five cases referred to by those writers, we have found three further patients under 30 years of age with this combination of disorders.1 Each of these three patients had no evidence of diabetes mellitus on routine clinical examination and urinalysis in 1967. However, when reviewed this year all three patients had glucose tolerance tests indicative of diabetes.

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4-Hydroxyisoleucine: experimental evidence of its insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.4.e617 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 277 (4) ◽

pp. E617-E623 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Christophe Broca ◽

René Gross ◽

Pierre Petit ◽

Yves Sauvaire ◽

Michèle Manteghetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽

Single Intravenous Administration

We have recently shown in vitro that 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-OH-Ile), an amino acid extracted from fenugreek seeds, potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. The present study was designed to investigate whether 4-OH-Ile could exert in vivo insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, intravenous or oral glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs and OGTTs, respectively) were performed not only in normal animals but also in a type II diabetes rat model. During IVGTT in normal rats or OGTT in normal dogs, 4-OH-Ile (18 mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance. The lactonic form of 4-OH-Ile was ineffective in normal rats. In non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) rats, a single intravenous administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg) partially restored glucose-induced insulin response without affecting glucose tolerance; a 6-day subchronic administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg, daily) reduced basal hyperglycemia, decreased basal insulinemia, and slightly, but significantly, improved glucose tolerance. In vitro, 4-OH-Ile (200 μM) potentiated glucose (16.7 mM)-induced insulin release from NIDD rat-isolated islets. So, the antidiabetic effects of 4-OH-Ile on NIDD rats result, at least in part, from a direct pancreatic B cell stimulation.

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