Small molecule organic material, tris(4-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TIPO) was newly synthesised and introduced into an n-type interlayer in planar perovskite solar cells for effective electron transport.
Controlling the grain size of the organic–inorganic perovskite thin films using thiourea additives now crossing 2 μm size with >20% power conversion efficiency.