Material Practices of Ethnographic Presence

Ethnographic research is a thoroughly material matter, but the involvement of material things in performing ethnographic methods is hardly investigated. Referring to my own research in various fields of digitalized work, I offer a reflexive analysis of the material production of ethnographic presence. In particular, I reflect on how clothing, field notes, and a camera contribute to making ethnographic research noticeable for and accessible to participants. Taking a practice theory perspective, the article conceptualizes ethnographic presence as a situated performance based on the dramaturgical and embodying contributions of material things. My analysis challenges the idea of openness as an ideal of research ethics that could be realized independently of the material and situated circumstances of fieldwork. It also shows that the material making of ethnographic presence offers particular methodological benefits including epistemic partnerships, insights from staged behavior, and the facilitation of ethnographic data collection.

Pemberian Scaffolding Terhadap Miskonsepsi Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Materi himpunan

This study aims to describe the students' misconceptions in completing sets of material problems before and after scaffolding, the form of scaffolding provided, and the impact of giving scaffolding. This research is a qualitative study, which was conducted in Junior High School of 32 Surabaya by selecting 2 subjects who experienced misconceptions from one class of 35 students. The instrument used was a diagnostic test I and II equipped with CRI, interview guidelines and scaffolding guidelines. The material chosen in this study is the set. Misconceptions in this research are analyzed based on its type, namely classification, correlation and theoretical misconceptions. Scaffolding in this research is explaining reviewing, and restructuring which consists of (1) looking, touching and verbalising (2) Pompting and probing (3) interpreting student's actions and talk, (4) parallelling modeling and (5) students explaining and justifyng, restructuring which consists of (1) identifying meaningful context (2) simplifying the problem (3) re-pharasing studdent's talk (4) negotiating meaning, developing conceptual thinking consisting of developing representational tools and making connections. Based on research conducted by researchers, there are 16.53% of classification misconceptions, 49.59% of correlation misconceptions exist and 49.59% of theoretical misconceptions. After being given scaffolding, students' misconceptions in solving the set material matter diminished and no longer even experienced misconceptions. Therefore, scaffolding is an alternative to responding to misconceptions experienced by students in solving set material problems. Keywords: Misconception, scaffolding, set.

Why internet users’ perceptions of viewing child exploitation material matter for prevention policies

There are claims that the societal appetite for ‘child exploitation material’ is increasing. Yet, Australia’s policy response does not include initiatives to dissuade potential offenders from deliberately viewing child exploitation material for the first time (onset). To critically examine this issue, this paper draws on Situational Crime Prevention theory. It argues that (a) many first-time child exploitation material viewers fit the Situational Crime Prevention construct of the Opportunistic Offender and (b) suggests that current policy overlooks the kinds of non-instrumental factors that increase the risk of onset for this group, including doubts about the criminality and harmfulness of viewing child exploitation material. The paper then empirically examines social attitudes to child exploitation material viewing by presenting the findings of a survey of 504 Australian internet users. Results indicate that a sizeable minority of the participants were: unaware that it is a crime to view certain types of child exploitation material in Australia; and held doubts about the harmfulness of viewing child exploitation material. These findings are used to reflect on how the presence of these non-instrumental factors among ordinary internet users may affect the offending readiness of the Opportunistic Offender. Policy implications are then briefly discussed.

Food Allergies and the Hygienic Sublime

People living with food allergies in the United States use a variety of strategies to ensure that their food and homes are clean, free of allergens, and therefore safe for their specific needs. Yet the pursuit of purity is not merely a practical or material matter, but a semiotic one as well, and it is shaped by histories of race, gender, class, and family structure in the United States. I call this material-semiotic configuration of purity the hygienic sublime. The hygienic sublime relies upon and reproduces social norms and hierarchies concerning gendered labor in the home, racialized expectations of who can be considered pure, class anxieties expressed through aspirational consumption, and normative family structure. Written against the backdrop of resurgent debates concerning sexual, national, and personal purity in the second decade of the 21st century, this paper demonstrates the broader historical and political stakes of purity politics, especially when they are centered around caretaking activities in the private space of the home.

The Materiality of Memory: Touching, Seeing, and Feeling the Past

Chapter Two focuses on the relationship between visuality, affect, memory, and place within the context of temporality, materiality, and performative reenactment. The chapter is grounded in an investigation of the relationship between memory and materiality, and asks how material matter can be strategically employed in the service of political historiographies; and how bodies, by way of reenactment, can function as a strategic component of exhuming and mapping memory onto place. It focuses on two documentaries, both by Chilean filmmaker Patricio Guzmán: Chile, la Memoria Obstinada (Chile, Obstinate Memory, 1997) and Nostalgia de la Luz (Nostalgia for the Light, 2010). If official histories, by definition, sublimate and attempt to make transgressive memories disappear, then it is essential to investigate the ways in which memory persists in bodies and lived experience, and in the mnemonic potency of physical objects and spaces. Through meticulous memory mapping, Guzmán’s films illustrate the immense historiographical value in bringing bodies, materiality (including bones, objects, images, and physical sites), and official histories into contact and dialogue with one another.