scholarly journals Functional connectivity and cholinergic modulation in auditory cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Metherate
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cholinergic Modulation

Influence of Primary Auditory Cortex in the Characterization of Autism Spectrum in Young Adults using Brain Connectivity Parameters and Deep Belief Networks: An fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1073
Author(s):  
Vidhusha Srinivasan ◽  
N. Udayakumar ◽  
Kavitha Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Belief Networks ◽  
Deep Belief Networks ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Low Functioning

Background: The spectrum of autism encompasses High Functioning Autism (HFA) and Low Functioning Autism (LFA). Brain mapping studies have revealed that autism individuals have overlaps in brain behavioural characteristics. Generally, high functioning individuals are known to exhibit higher intelligence and better language processing abilities. However, specific mechanisms associated with their functional capabilities are still under research. Objective: This work addresses the overlapping phenomenon present in autism spectrum through functional connectivity patterns along with brain connectivity parameters and distinguishes the classes using deep belief networks. Methods: The task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Images (fMRI) of both high and low functioning autistic groups were acquired from ABIDE database, for 58 low functioning against 43 high functioning individuals while they were involved in a defined language processing task. The language processing regions of the brain, along with Default Mode Network (DMN) have been considered for the analysis. The functional connectivity maps have been plotted through graph theory procedures. Brain connectivity parameters such as Granger Causality (GC) and Phase Slope Index (PSI) have been calculated for the individual groups. These parameters have been fed to Deep Belief Networks (DBN) to classify the subjects under consideration as either LFA or HFA. Results: Results showed increased functional connectivity in high functioning subjects. It was found that the additional interaction of the Primary Auditory Cortex lying in the temporal lobe, with other regions of interest complimented their enhanced connectivity. Results were validated using DBN measuring the classification accuracy of 85.85% for high functioning and 81.71% for the low functioning group. Conclusion: Since it is known that autism involves enhanced, but imbalanced components of intelligence, the reason behind the supremacy of high functioning group in language processing and region responsible for enhanced connectivity has been recognized. Therefore, this work that suggests the effect of Primary Auditory Cortex in characterizing the dominance of language processing in high functioning young adults seems to be highly significant in discriminating different groups in autism spectrum.

scholarly journals Tinnitus distress is linked to enhanced resting-state functional connectivity from the limbic system to the auditory cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2384-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Chen ◽  
Wenqing Xia ◽  
Huiyou Chen ◽  
Yuan Feng ◽  
Jin-Jing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Tinnitus Distress

scholarly journals Optogenetic Activation of an Inhibitory Network Enhances Feedforward Functional Connectivity in Auditory Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liberty S. Hamilton ◽  
Jascha Sohl-Dickstein ◽  
Alexander G. Huth ◽  
Vanessa M. Carels ◽  
Karl Deisseroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Network

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of EEG resting-state brain networks in absolute pitch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marielle Greber ◽  
Carina Klein ◽  
Simon Leipold ◽  
Silvano Sele ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Whole Brain

AbstractThe neural basis of absolute pitch (AP), the ability to effortlessly identify a musical tone without an external reference, is poorly understood. One of the key questions is whether perceptual or cognitive processes underlie the phenomenon as both sensory and higher-order brain regions have been associated with AP. One approach to elucidate the neural underpinnings of a specific expertise is the examination of resting-state networks.Thus, in this paper, we report a comprehensive functional network analysis of intracranial resting-state EEG data in a large sample of AP musicians (n = 54) and non-AP musicians (n = 51). We adopted two analysis approaches: First, we applied an ROI-based analysis to examine the connectivity between the auditory cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using several established functional connectivity measures. This analysis is a replication of a previous study which reported increased connectivity between these two regions in AP musicians. Second, we performed a whole-brain network-based analysis on the same functional connectivity measures to gain a more complete picture of the brain regions involved in a possibly large-scale network supporting AP ability.In our sample, the ROI-based analysis did not provide evidence for an AP-specific connectivity increase between the auditory cortex and the DLPFC. In contrast, the whole-brain analysis revealed three networks with increased connectivity in AP musicians comprising nodes in frontal, temporal, subcortical, and occipital areas. Commonalities of the networks were found in both sensory and higher-order brain regions of the perisylvian area. Further research will be needed to confirm these exploratory results.

scholarly journals Cholinergic Modulation of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in Human Auditory Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane M Thiel ◽  
Karl J Friston ◽  
Raymond J Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cholinergic Modulation ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Human Auditory Cortex

Separate Contribution of Striatum Volume and Pitch Discrimination to Individual Differences in Music Reward

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1352-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Hernández ◽  
María-Ángeles Palomar-García ◽  
Benito Nohales-Nieto ◽  
Gustau Olcina-Sempere ◽  
Esteban Villar-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Gradient Echo Image ◽  
Reward Network

Individual differences in the level of pleasure induced by music have been associated with the response of the striatum and differences in functional connectivity between the striatum and the auditory cortex. In this study, we tested whether individual differences in music reward are related to the structure of the striatum and the ability to discriminate pitch. We acquired a 3-D magnetization-prepared rapid-acquisition gradient-echo image for 32 musicians and 26 nonmusicians who completed a music-reward questionnaire and a test of pitch discrimination. The analysis of both groups together showed that sensitivity to music reward correlated negatively with the volume of both the caudate and nucleus accumbens and correlated positively with pitch-discrimination abilities. Moreover, musicianship, pitch discrimination, and caudate volume significantly predicted individual differences in music reward. These results are consistent with the proposal that individual differences in music reward depend on the interplay between auditory abilities and the reward network.

scholarly journals Early deafness leads to re-shaping of functional connectivity beyond the auditory cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Bonna ◽  
Karolina Finc ◽  
Maria Zimmermann ◽  
Lukasz Bola ◽  
Piotr Mostowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex

scholarly journals Dopamine-Induced Dysconnectivity Between Salience Network and Auditory Cortex in Subjects With Psychotic-like Experiences: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-740
Author(s):  
Julian Rössler ◽  
Wulf Rössler ◽  
Erich Seifritz ◽  
Lui Unterrassner ◽  
Thomas Wyss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Dopamine is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Disrupted salience processing by the salience network (SN) may be a central link between dysregulated dopamine function and psychotic symptoms. However, dopaminergic influence on the SN and its presumed influence on psychotic and subpsychotic symptoms or psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated dopamine-induced changes in functional connectivity of the right anterior insula (rAI), a central SN hub, and their association with psychotic-like experiences. We enrolled 54 healthy, right-handed male subjects in a randomized, double-blind, cross-sectional placebo-controlled experiment. Psychotic-like experiences were assessed using the revised Exceptional Experiences Questionnaire (PAGE-R). They then received either placebo (n = 32) or 200 mg L-DOPA (n = 33), a dopamine precursor, orally and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. In a seed-to-voxel approach, we analyzed dopamine-induced changes in functional connectivity of the rAI and assessed the relationship between functional connectivity changes and PAGE-R score. L-DOPA reduced functional connectivity between the rAI and the left auditory cortex planum polare. In the placebo group, we found a strong negative correlation between PAGE-R score and rAI to planum polare functional connectivity; in the L-DOPA group, there was a strong positive correlation between PAGE-R score and functional connectivity between rAI and planum polare. The PAGE-R score explained about 30% of the functional connectivity variation between rAI and planum polare in the two groups. Our findings suggest that psychotic-like experiences are associated with dopamine-induced disruption of auditory input to the SN, which may lead to aberrant attribution of salience.

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