A wandering mind is a forgetful mind: A systematic review on the influence of mind wandering on episodic memory encoding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Blondé ◽  
Jean-Charles Girardeau ◽  
Marco Sperduti ◽  
Pascale Piolino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Memory Encoding

scholarly journals The Temporal Effects of Acute Exercise on Episodic Memory Function: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Loprinzi ◽  
Jeremiah Blough ◽  
Lindsay Crawford ◽  
Seungho Ryu ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Temporal Effects ◽  
Early Memory

Background: Accumulating research demonstrates that the timing of exercise plays an important role in influencing episodic memory. However, we have a limited understanding as to the factors that moderate this temporal effect. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of study characteristics (e.g., exercise modality, intensity and duration of acute exercise) and participant attributes (e.g., age, sex) across each of the temporal periods of acute exercise on episodic memory (i.e., acute exercise occurring before memory encoding, and during memory encoding, early consolidation, and late consolidation). Methods: The following databases were used for our computerized searches: Embase/PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Sports Discus and PsychInfo. Studies were included if they: (1) Employed an experimental design with a comparison to a control group/visit, (2) included human participants, (3) evaluated exercise as the independent variable, (4) employed an acute bout of exercise (defined as a single bout of exercise), (5) evaluated episodic memory as the outcome variable (defined as the retrospective recall of information either in a spatial or temporal manner), and (6) provided sufficient data (e.g., mean, SD, and sample size) for a pooled effect size estimate. Results: In total, 25 articles met our inclusionary criteria and were meta-analyzed. Acute exercise occurring before memory encoding (d = 0.11, 95% CI: −0.01, 0.23, p = 0.08), during early memory consolidation (d = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.67; p < 0.001) and during late memory consolidation (d = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.78; p = 0.005) enhanced episodic memory function. Conversely, acute exercise occurring during memory encoding had a negative effect on episodic memory (d = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.22, −0.02; p = 0.02). Various study designs and participant characteristics moderated the temporal effects of acute exercise on episodic memory function. For example, vigorous-intensity acute exercise, and acute exercise among young adults, had greater effects when the acute bout of exercise occurred before memory encoding or during the early memory consolidation period. Conclusions: The timing of acute exercise plays an important role in the exercise-memory interaction. Various exercise- and participant-related characteristics moderate this temporal relationship.

EXPRESS: Bored, distracted and forgetful – The impact of mind wandering and boredom on memory encoding

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110263
Author(s):  
Philippe Blondé ◽  
Marco Sperduti ◽  
Dominique Makowski ◽  
Pascale Piolino
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Thought Probes ◽  
The Impact

Mind wandering, defined as focusing attention toward task unrelated thoughts, is a common mental state known to impair memory encoding. This phenomenon is closely linked to boredom. Very few studies, however, have tested the potential impact of boredom on memory encoding. Thus, the present study aimed at manipulating mind wandering and boredom during an incidental memory encoding task, to test their differential impact on memory encoding. Thirty-two participants performed a variant of the n-back task in which they had to indicate if the current on-screen object was the same as the previous one (1-back; low working memory load) or the one presented three trials before (3-back; high working memory load). Moreover, thought probes assessing either mind wandering or boredom were randomly presented. Afterward, a surprise recognition task was delivered. Results showed that mind wandering and boredom were highly correlated, and both decreased in the high working memory load condition, while memory performance increased. Although both boredom and mind wandering predicted memory performance taken separately, we found that mind wandering was the only reliable predictor of memory performance when controlling for boredom and working memory load. Model comparisons also revealed that a model with boredom only was outperformed by a model with mind wandering only and a model with both mind wandering and boredom, suggesting that the predictive contribution of boredom in the complete model is minimal. The present results confirm the high correlation between mind wandering and boredom and suggest that the hindering effect of boredom on memory is subordinate to the effect of mind wandering.

scholarly journals The neuropsychology of emerging psychosis and the role of working memory in episodic memory encoding

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon O Pflueger ◽  
Pasquale Calabrese ◽  
Erich Studerus ◽  
Ronan Zimmermann ◽  
Ute Gschwandtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Encoding

Cooperation between the Hippocampus and the Striatum during Episodic Encoding

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talya Sadeh ◽  
Daphna Shohamy ◽  
Dana Rubi Levy ◽  
Niv Reggev ◽  
Anat Maril
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
System A ◽  
Episodic Encoding ◽  
Within Subjects

The hippocampus and the striatum are thought to play distinct roles in learning and memory, each supporting an independent memory system. A fundamental question is whether, and how, these systems interact to jointly contribute to learning and memory. In particular, it remains unknown whether the striatum contributes selectively to implicit, habitual learning, or whether the striatum may also contribute to long-term episodic memory. Here, we show with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that the hippocampus and the striatum interact cooperatively to support episodic memory formation. Participants were scanned during a memory encoding paradigm and, subsequently, were tested for memory of encoded items. fMRI data revealed that successful memory was associated with greater activity in both the hippocampus and the striatum (putamen) during encoding. Furthermore, activity in the hippocampus and the striatum was correlated within subjects for items that were later remembered, but not for items that were forgotten. Finally, across subjects, the strength of the correlation between the hippocampus and the striatum predicted memory success. These findings provide novel evidence for contributions of both the striatum and the hippocampus to successful episodic encoding and for a cooperative interaction between them.

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