Possible involvement of the facial nucleus in regulation of respiration in rats

In the past most studies of the control of energy metabolism focus on the role of the phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP.Pi on the regulation of respiration. Studies using NMR techniques have demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds for oxidation phosphorylation do not change appreciably throughout the cardiac cycle and during increases in cardiac work. Hence regulation of energy production by calcium ions, present in the mitochondrial matrix, has been the object of a number of recent studies.Three exclusively intramitochondnal dehydrogenases are key enzymes for the regulation of oxidative metabolism. They are activated by calcium ions in the low micromolar range. Since, however, earlier estimates of the intramitochondnal calcium, based on equilibrium thermodynamic considerations, were in the millimolar range, a physiological correlation was not evident. The introduction of calcium-sensitive probes fura-2 and indo-1 made monitoring of free calcium during changing energy metabolism possible. These studies were performed on isolated mitochondria and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is more or less speculative.

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Mechanisms regulating the activity of facial nucleus motoneurons—IV. Influences from the brainstem structures

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/0306-4522(87)90245-4 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 845-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

V.V. Fanardjian ◽

L.R. Manvelyan

Keyword(s):

Facial Nucleus

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Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Regulation of Respiration

Anesthesia & Analgesia ◽

10.1213/00000539-196701000-00030 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 134???141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ROBERT A. MITCHELL ◽

JOHN W. SEVERINGHAUS

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Regulation Of Respiration

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On the Regulation of Respiration

The Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1113/jphysiol.1889.sp000304 ◽

1889 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 279-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Henry Head

Keyword(s):

Regulation Of Respiration

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Regulation of Respiration and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in Isolated Cardiac Myocytes and Hepatocytes

Integration of Mitochondrial Function ◽

10.1007/978-1-4899-2551-0_21 ◽

1988 ◽

pp. 235-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richard G. Hansford ◽

Rafael Moreno-Sánchez ◽

James Staddon

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Myocytes ◽

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽

Regulation Of Respiration ◽

Isolated Cardiac Myocytes

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Neonatal chest wall afferents and regulation of respiration

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1977.42.3.362 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 362-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

R. Hagan ◽

A. C. Bryan ◽

M. H. Bryan ◽

G. Gulston

Keyword(s):

Chest Wall ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Applied Pressure ◽

Muscle Spindles ◽

Face Mask ◽

The Body ◽

Regulation Of Respiration ◽

Quiet Sleep ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Afferent Information

We have studied two groups of eight preterm infants, relating chest wall afferent information to respiratory timing. Rib cage and abdominal motion were monitored by magnetometers and flow and tidal volume via a face mask. In the first group, studies were done in REM sleep when spontaneously occurring distortion of the rib cage occurred and a significant linear relationship between the rate of distortion of the chest wall and shortening of the inspiratory time (Ti) was found in all infants. Reduction in this distortion by the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or continuous negative pressure at the body surface (CNeg) was associated with a significant (P less than 0.01) lengthening of Ti. Absence of changes in Ti when pressure was applied in quiet sleep suggested that lung volume or chemical changes were not involved. In the second group of infants we artificially generated the afferent inflow by using vibratory stimuli applied in one intercostal interspace and produced a significant (P less than 0.05) shortening in Ti. We suggest that the distortion of the rib cage in REM sleep generates afferent information from intercostal muscle spindles that is related to the rate of distortion and this, via a supraspinal reflex, inhibits phrenic motoneuron discharge. It may then be of importance in the etiology of apneic episodes in these infants. Applied pressure may be of benefit because it reduces an inhibitory afferent inflow.

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