Learning grammatical structure with Echo State Networks

The article deals with natural language processing, namely that of an English sentence. The article describes the problems, which might arise during the process and which are connected with graphic, semantic, and syntactic ambiguity. The article provides the description of how the problems had been solved before the automatic syntactic analysis was applied and the way, such analysis methods could be helpful in developing new analysis algorithms. The analysis focuses on the issues, blocking the basis for the natural language processing — parsing — the process of sentence analysis according to their structure, content and meaning, which aims to analyze the grammatical structure of the sentence, the division of sentences into constituent components and defining links between them.

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Working on Grammatical Errors in Russian Senior School Lessons

Russian language at school ◽

10.30515/0131-6141-2019-80-2-26-30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

E. S. Bogdanova

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

The State ◽

Russian Language ◽

Grammatical Structure ◽

Final Exam ◽

Senior Secondary School ◽

Grammatical Errors ◽

Senior Secondary ◽

The Russian Language

The article establishes the need for special work to improve the grammatical structure of the speech of senior schoolchildren and the correction of grammatical errors in their assignments. Based on the analysis of the results of the State Final Exam of graduates, the errors identified in their essays and the works of leading methodologists, the author develops approaches to working on morphological and syntactic norms in the Russian language lessons in senior secondary school.

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Structural Analysis of Katoba Ritual Text Speech in Muna Communities

Journal of Indonesian Language Education and Literary ◽

10.31327/jilel.v4i2.1132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

S. Sarmadan ◽

Siti Gomo Attas

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Oral Tradition ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Text Structure ◽

Main Flow ◽

Grammatical Structure ◽

Global Meaning ◽

General Meaning ◽

Ritual Text ◽

Ritual Speech

The katoba ritual as a form of oral tradition from the Muna tribe is an integral part of the culture of the supporting community. The purpose of this study is to describe the structure of the ritual text speech of the Muna communities. The structure of the ritual speech utterances in this study is called the pogau toba text (PTT). This study uses a qualitative method with a Van Dijk structural approach that focuses on three frameworks of text structure, namely macro structure, superstructure, and microstructure. The results showed that 1) the macro structure, which is the overall meaning, global meaning, or general meaning of the PTT. The macro structure found in the PTT is the inauguration of a child as a Muslim. This is reflected in the pronunciation of the two words of the shahada of Asyhadu Allah ilaha Ilallah wa ashadu anna Muhammadar Rasulullah which marks a person's Islamic status; 2) superstructure, namely the four main flow structure of PTT in the context of the katoba ritual, namely opening “pembukaan”, toba conditions “syarat-syarat toba”, core of toba “inti toba”, and the closing “penutup”; and 3) microstructure, which is limited to the style of the PTT language, namely diction or choice of words in the katoba ritual emphasizing religious and moral elements that are concrete through the use of polite and gentle language, found also a parallelism in grammatical structure, and expressions metaphorical expressions that take the symbols of flora and fauna or other natural objects are presented to convey an idea, concept, or specific purpose.

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