Structure, meanings and functions make from colors of personal nouns in ede in Vietnam

In linguistics, when studying nouns, specialists often divide them into two large groups, common nouns, and proper nouns. Based on general meaning, common nouns are divided into smaller groups, such as nouns with generalizing meaning, nouns without generalizing meaning. Nouns with generalizing meaning can be divided: nouns of units, nouns of people, nouns of objects, etc. Nouns for people include nouns denoting kinship relations, social relations. These are general nouns of people. They take up a sizeable amount and are an important word class of nouns. Nouns of people indicate not only people but also expressive nuances, cultural expressions of individuals or communities. The article clarifies the characteristics of structures, semantics, and functions as Ede vocative addressing words in Vietnam, thereby explaining the Ede people's cultural characteristics through nouns of people.

Synonym in Malay and Arabic: A Comparative Study in the Aspect of Definition and Importance

The study discusses synonym in Malay and Arabic with a general focus on its definition and importance. In addition to that, this study also aims to observe the differences and similarities that exist in both languages when it comes to defining or determining the definition of synonym done by Malay and Arabic scholars and the need of synonyms for both languages and nations. This study is a descriptive literature review that is using contrastive analysis. The result of the study shows that Malay and Arabic differ in selecting the basis for synonyms in the aspect of definition but both languages put ‘the similarity in general meaning’ as the main criteria in determining two synonymous words. On the other hand, the importance of synonym in Malay and Arabic is not much different. In Arabic, however, the need for synonym seems to be more apparent in the literary field especially in poetry that emphasizes qafiah and verse. On the contrary, the need for synonym in Malay is more significant when it comes to maintaining the manners and politeness in speech.

О конъюнктивном употреблении разделительных союзов (на материале польского и русского языков)

The author considers the problem of conjunctive use of disjunctive conjunctions in the perspective of functional grammar. In the first part of the article, the author verifies the logical approach to conjunctions, especially disjunctive conjunctions. The linguistic meaning of a conjunction is defined as information on the credibility or applicability of a (semantically) compound sentence under condition [10, 01], which means an alternative participation of referents in the described situation. In the following chapters, the author analyzes several language facts, namely sentences that contain a disjunctive relationship and which nevertheless express the general meaning of conjunction. The author explains these phenomena by the fact that in such sentences there are the types of configurations of conjunction with the exponents of other semantic categories: quantification and modality.

Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka wobec totalitarnej destrukcji porządku własnościowego w Polsce. Część 1

The aim of this article is to analyze the role of the European Court of Human Rights in overcoming totalitarian regime in the area of proprietary rights in Poland, the only state not adopting special legislation to meet these claims. It is the destruction of this part of the traditional legal system after World War II that can be considered as a key element of totalitarianism itself. However, this paper is not focused on historical developments, but rather on their current consequences, trying to evaluate links between them and modern legal order — particularly important in terms of limited temporal court jurisdiction over the area. In terms of the rule of law principle, it is essential how can a state cope with making good damages suffered by the victims. Careful research has proved practical application of the domestic law as well as functioning of public institutions to be based on serious systemic deficiencies making effective legal protection very difficult and sometimes impossible. They were rulings of the court playing a crucial role in supporting national authorities and setting standards of better protection — also achieved through judicial dialogue with the national judiciary. This very case-law also has a more general meaning, as it pictures a mode of ECHR’s jurisdictional activity and quite functional approach to the interpretation of the convention. This article is divided into two parts. The first one presents the general meaning of the area, the genesis of the protection, and major trends in the case-law development. The second part will offer a legal analysis of art. 1 and careful a systematization of leading rulings.

Synonyms in the Arabic language: (Studying models from the Noble Qur’an and according to Abu Hayyan Al- Andalusi through his interpretation of the Qur’anic verses): الترادف في اللغة العربية: (دراسة نماذج من القرآن الكريم عند أبي حيان الأندلسي من خلال تفسيره للآيات القرآنية)

This study dealt with one of the important language issues, which is the synonymy in the Arabic language and the Qur’an, studying models from the Holy Qur’an and according to Abu Hayyan Al- Andalusi through his interpretation of the Qur’anic verses in directing the linguistic and lexical connotations of the Qur’anic vocabulary; In order to reach the connotations that fall under it, which had the effect of enriching the meaning in the language; This is by examining: the concept of synonymy, linguistically and idiomatically, and the scholars’ position on it in terms of acknowledging its existence and non- existence, as well as synonymy in the Holy Qur’an and its call to clarify the differences between words, and Abu Hayyan al- Andalusi’s position on synonymy and his acknowledgment of its existence. And the result of this is clear in his interpretation of (exploded, Spout and split), saying: And the apparent use of the Qur’an is to use them in one sense because the two verses are one story, as it looked at the apparent meaning of the lexical more than it looked at the word in its context, and one of the results of the dispute that erupted between scholars, ancient and modern on the issue The meaning of synonymy and its proof and denial is mainly due to its extreme importance and the need to take care of it. The synonymous word is the one whose connotation converges with others in the general meaning. Among the peculiarities of the connotation is what we do not discover except in its context in which it is mentioned. All of its meanings, rather the expression is expressed with a word that approximates its meaning. Otherwise, the Qur’anic challenge would not be for the fluent language people, and therefore the synonymy is very few in the language and the Qur’an.

Trademark development: from stamp, mark, packaging – to certification

The purpose of the article is to perform an art history analysis to show the impact of the development of brands, trademarks, packaging, and product quality control on certification development. The research methodology consists of the application of a specific historical method to analyze the impact of the development of trademark design and the popularization of certification actions, as well as the use of a comparative analysis method and a historical and cultural approach. This will help to identify the main trends in the development of a trademark, packaging for the establishment of certification in a global context. The scientific novelty lies in an attempt to comprehend and identify the main trends in the development of a trademark and packaging, which influenced the control of product quality and the establishment of certification, which is due to historical, social, cultural processes. Conclusions. The article shows the idea of certification and its general meaning since ancient times. The analysis of literary sources is carried out, which confirms the need for branding of products by the manufacturer to obtain high quality, the development of the design of an aesthetic and functional sign, packaging, and the formation of a legislative basis for certification. Analysis of brands, trademarks, the packaging indicates the interdependence of the ancient cultural heritage and the development of these areas since the twentieth century, which influenced the improvement of certification and should affect the quality of products and design in Ukraine. Key words: brand, trademark, packaging, certification, design.

Tolerant and Intolerant Messages

Messages that are communicated textually and erroneously are then received by individuals whose lack of religious knowledge encourages tolerant and intolerant behavior, resulting in interfaith violence as happened in Indonesia in the 90s. The research focused on the experience and meaning of the cleric in West Jakarta regarding tolerance and intolerance. The method to conduct this research is qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, through in-depth interviews with ten participants, then analyzed through horizonalization to form a general meaning and in-depth description of tolerance and intolerance.The results show that religious tolerance is interpreted as the freedom of every person to practice worship in accordance with their beliefs on the basis of mutual respect with other people of different religions to create an atmosphere conducive to the common good. This freedom is limited to the scope of each religion which manifests through mutual assistance in helping social and cultural issues.Religious intolerance is characterized by an attitude of disrespect for the worship activities of adherents of other religions arising from understanding textual teachings of religion, blind fanatics, and injustice that inhibits national and state unity. Religious intolerance is perceived not to happen if every religious adherent is willing and able to carry out their respective religious teachings. Forms of intolerance through disagreement and conflicting, destructive, hateful and envious in dealing with religious differences. This research has implications for the expansion of the implementation of the concepts of tolerance and intolerance, and policy changes in multi-religious countries.

An Analysis of Figurative Language on The Lyrics of Coldplay's Selected Song

The purpose of this study was to know the kinds of figurative language used in selected lyrics of Coldplay song. This research was designed to identify some figurative language by understanding the general meaning when they are used in the lyrics of songs. The technique of descriptive analysis offered to analyze data by reading the data, then identifying the figurative language used in the lyrics of the song. After identifying some figurative languages then they are categorized into some kinds of figurative languages. Then, the general meaning of figurative language by identifying the lexical meaning and contextual meaning of the four selected lyrics of the song are used to analyze the data got from the song. Based on research findings, some figurative languages were found in Coldplay’s selected songs. Most of the figurative language which is used in the lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs is “Hyperbole” which has a great exaggeration used to emphasize a point, and used for expressive or comic effect. The meanings which were found from the song are classified into connotative meanings. The lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs tell us about humanity’s social life which contains love, sadness, happiness, spirit and others. In the lyrics of Coldplay’s selected songs, figurative languages are helpful to understand the song. The existence of figurative language is not to complicate the understanding of lyrics but to simplify and clear the understanding of lyrics. The song is very suitable for English Learners who want to improve their English skills in analyzing lyrics that contain figurative language. From the explanation above can be concluded that in analyzing lyrics besides finding figurative language in lyrics, the meanings of the song that contain figurative languages and messages of the song can be understood.

The Embodiment of Traditional Partería in the Colombian Pacific Region

A Traditional Partera refers to a woman who assists, by traditional practices, women during gestation, birth, and reproductive life, aside of the formal health care system. Their practice, Traditional Partería, is considered a key ancestral cultural component in marginalized communities in Colombia. A comprehensive description of the essence of Colombian Traditional Partería is currently missing, and this practice is facing the loss of its body of knowledge. Here, we describe the essence of being a Colombian Traditional Partera. Eight Traditional Parteras participated in phenomenological interviews and body maps focused on their embodied conscious experience of being a Traditional Partera in Colombia. Seventeen general meaning units were identified and grouped in three embodied components (Head, Heart, and Hands) related to practice, knowledge, feelings, perceptions, context, and culture. We discuss philosophical reflections and implications of knowing other’s world perspectives, describing a sensitive triad central in the Traditional Partería practice.

IMPLICATURE IN SAIKIRAN’S STAND UP COMEDY SCRIPT DARK SKIN AND GETTING MARRIED

This research focuses on implicature in Saikiran’s Stand Up Comedy Script Dark Skin and Getting Married. By using Grice theory of implicature, the make up of this research strongly refers to the use of descriptive qualitative method to process the data, which are originally taken from the script. The analysis reveals two types of implicature i.e. cconventional implicatures and conversational implicatures. Conventional implicature is associated with the general meaning and also related to specific words (but, and, even). Meanwhile, conversational implicature verifies two types, i.e. generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. There are 13 data referring to cconventional implicatures and 4 data to conversational implicatures (2 data generalized conversational implicatures and 2 data particularized conversational implicatures). The results of this research indicate that Saikiran uses those implicatures when he wants the audience to understand about his life condition in funny ways, and the audience will possibly find it difficult to understand if they do not know his utterances in the contexts.