Detection of the single omission in repetitive auditory stimuli relies on two distinct neural mechanisms

Previous studies have shown that the perceived location of visual stimuli briefly flashed during smooth pursuit, saccades, or optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is not veridical. We investigated whether these mislocalisations can also be observed for brief auditory stimuli presented during OKN. Experiments were carried out in a lightproof sound-attenuated chamber. Participants performed eye movements elicited by visual stimuli. An auditory target (white noise) was presented for 5 ms. Our data clearly indicate that auditory targets are mislocalised during reflexive eye movements. OKN induces a shift of perceived location in the direction of the slow eye movement and is modulated in the temporal vicinity of the fast phase. The mislocalisation is stronger for look- as compared to stare-nystagmus. The size and temporal pattern of the observed mislocalisation are different from that found for visual targets. This suggests that different neural mechanisms are at play to integrate oculomotor signals and information on the spatial location of visual as well as auditory stimuli.

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Corticostriatal Plasticity Established by Initial Learning Persists After Behavioral Reversal

10.1101/2020.04.16.045625 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sanchari Ghosh ◽

Anthony M Zador

Keyword(s):

Neural Circuit ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Reversal Task ◽

Striatal Slices ◽

Initial Acquisition ◽

Initial Learning ◽

Synaptic Changes ◽

Corticostriatal Plasticity ◽

Synaptic Mechanisms

AbstractThe neural mechanisms that allow animals to adapt their previously learned associations in response to changes in the environment remain poorly understood. To probe the synaptic mechanisms that mediate such adaptive behavior, we trained mice on an auditory-motor reversal task, and tracked changes in the strength of corticostriatal synapses associated with the formation of learned associations. Using a ChR2-based electrophysiological assay in acute striatal slices, we measured the strength of these synapses after animals learned to pair auditory stimuli with specific actions. Here we report that the pattern of synaptic strength initially established by learning remains unchanged even when the task contingencies are reversed. Our results suggest that synaptic changes associated with the initial acquisition of this task are not erased or over-written, and that behavioral reversal of learned associations may recruit a separate neural circuit.

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Temporal Dependency of Multisensory Audiovisual Integration

Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering - Biomedical Engineering and Cognitive Neuroscience for Healthcare ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch033 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 320-326

Author(s):

Jingjing Yang ◽

Qi Li ◽

Yulin Gao ◽

Jinglong Wu

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Multisensory Integration ◽

Time Window ◽

Visual Input ◽

Audiovisual Integration ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Complex Environment ◽

Temporal Factor

In everyday life, our brains integrate various kinds of information from different modalities to perceive our complex environment. Spatial and temporal proximity of multisensory stimuli is required for multisensory integration. Many researches have shown that temporal asynchrony of visual-auditory stimuli can influence multisensory integration. However, the neural mechanisms of asynchrony inputs were not well understood. Some researchers believe that humans have a relatively broad time window, in which stimuli from different modalities and asynchronous inputs tends to be integrated into a single unified percept. Others believe that the human brain can actively coordinate the auditory and visual input so that we do not notice the asynchronous inputs of multisensory stimuli. This review focuses on the question of how the temporal factor affects the processing of audiovisual information.

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Auditory Virtual Reality for Insect Phonotaxis

Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics ◽

10.20965/jrm.2021.p0494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 494-504

Author(s):

Noriyasu Ando ◽

Hisashi Shidara ◽

Naoto Hommaru ◽

Hiroto Ogawa ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Sound Source ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Visually Guided ◽

Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽

Animal Navigation ◽

Female Cricket ◽

Male Calling

Insects have a sophisticated ability to navigate real environments. Virtual reality (VR) is a powerful tool for analyzing animal navigation in laboratory studies and is the most successful when used in the study of visually guided behaviors. However, the use of VR with non-visual sensory information, such as sound, on which nocturnal insects rely, for analyzing animal navigation has not been fully studied. We developed an auditory VR for the study of auditory navigation in crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. The system consisted of a spherical treadmill on which a tethered female cricket walked. Sixteen speakers were placed around the cricket for auditory stimuli. The two optical mice attached to the treadmill measured the cricket’s locomotion, and the sound pressure and direction of the auditory stimuli were controlled at 100 Hz based on the position and heading of the cricket relative to a sound source in a virtual arena. We demonstrated that tethered female crickets selectively responded to the conspecific male calling song and localized the sound source in a virtual arena, which was similar to the behavior of freely walking crickets. Further combinations of our system with neurophysiological techniques will help understand the neural mechanisms for insect auditory navigation.

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Tuning Neural Phase Entrainment to Speech

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01136 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 1378-1389 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Simone Falk ◽

Cosima Lanzilotti ◽

Daniele Schön

Keyword(s):

Speech Processing ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Carryover Effects ◽

Musical Rhythm ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Speech Stimuli ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Eeg Power ◽

Adaptive Nature

Musical rhythm positively impacts on subsequent speech processing. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are so far unclear. We investigated whether carryover effects from a preceding musical cue to a speech stimulus result from a continuation of neural phase entrainment to periodicities that are present in both music and speech. Participants listened and memorized French metrical sentences that contained (quasi-)periodic recurrences of accents and syllables. Speech stimuli were preceded by a rhythmically regular or irregular musical cue. Our results show that the presence of a regular cue modulates neural response as estimated by EEG power spectral density, intertrial coherence, and source analyses at critical frequencies during speech processing compared with the irregular condition. Importantly, intertrial coherences for regular cues were indicative of the participants' success in memorizing the subsequent speech stimuli. These findings underscore the highly adaptive nature of neural phase entrainment across fundamentally different auditory stimuli. They also support current models of neural phase entrainment as a tool of predictive timing and attentional selection across cognitive domains.

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John Ludbrook APPS Symposium Neural Mechanisms In The Cardiovascular Responses To Acute Central Hypovolaemia

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.3473.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (5-6) ◽

pp. 479-487

Author(s):

Roger G Evans ◽

Sabatino Ventura ◽

Roger Al Dampney ◽

John Ludbrook

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Central Hypovolaemia

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Reaction Time and Brain Waves in Omitted Stimulus Tasks

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Oscar H. Hernández ◽

Muriel Vogel-Sprott

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Young Male ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Motor Action ◽

Cognitive Component ◽

Sensory Modalities ◽

Two Measures ◽

Somatosensory Stimuli

A missing stimulus task requires an immediate response to the omission of a regular recurrent stimulus. The task evokes a subclass of event-related potential known as omitted stimulus potential (OSP), which reflects some cognitive processes such as expectancy. The behavioral response to a missing stimulus is referred to as omitted stimulus reaction time (RT). This total RT measure is known to include cognitive and motor components. The cognitive component (premotor RT) is measured by the time from the missing stimulus until the onset of motor action. The motor RT component is measured by the time from the onset of muscle action until the completion of the response. Previous research showed that RT is faster to auditory than to visual stimuli, and that the premotor of RT to a missing auditory stimulus is correlated with the duration of an OSP. Although this observation suggests that similar cognitive processes might underlie these two measures, no research has tested this possibility. If similar cognitive processes are involved in the premotor RT and OSP duration, these two measures should be correlated in visual and somatosensory modalities, and the premotor RT to missing auditory stimuli should be fastest. This hypothesis was tested in 17 young male volunteers who performed a missing stimulus task, who were presented with trains of auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli and the OSP and RT measures were recorded. The results showed that premotor RT and OSP duration were consistently related, and that both measures were shorter with respect to auditory stimuli than to visual or somatosensory stimuli. This provides the first evidence that the premotor RT is related to an attribute of the OSP in all three sensory modalities.

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