scholarly journals Contingency awareness in human aversive conditioning involves the middle frontal gyrus

NeuroImage ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald McKell Carter ◽  
John P. O'Doherty ◽  
Ben Seymour ◽  
Christof Koch ◽  
Raymond J. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Contingency Awareness

Concurrent Electrodermal and Eyeblink Conditioning With Masked and Unmasked Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
José Luis Marcos ◽  
Azahara Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Eyeblink Conditioning ◽  
Noise Burst ◽  
Conditioning Phase ◽  
Contingency Awareness ◽  
Blank Screen ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Fearful Face

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine if contingency awareness between the conditioned (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is necessary for concurrent electrodermal and eyeblink conditioning to masked stimuli. An angry woman’s face (CS+) and a fearful face (CS−) were presented for 23 milliseconds (ms) and followed by a neutral face as a mask. A 98 dB noise burst (US) was administered 477 ms after CS+ offset to elicit both electrodermal and eyeblink responses. For the unmasking conditioning a 176 ms blank screen was inserted between the CS and the mask. Contingency awareness was assessed using trial-by-trial ratings of US-expectancy in a post-conditioning phase. The results showed acquisition of differential electrodermal and eyeblink conditioning in aware, but not in unaware participants. Acquisition of differential eyeblink conditioning required more trials than electrodermal conditioning. These results provided strong evidence of the causal role of contingency awareness on differential eyeblink and electrodermal conditioning.

“Paint It Black”

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oulmann Zerhouni ◽  
Johan Lepage
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Evaluative Conditioning ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Contingency Awareness ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation

Abstract. The present study is a first attempt to link self-reported difficulties in everyday emotion regulation (ER) with evaluative conditioning (EC). We conducted a within-subject study in which participants (n = 90) filled the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and were exposed to neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with mildly or highly arousing negative unconditioned stimuli (USs) and positive USs. Participants then filled a contingency awareness measure. Results showed (i) that CSs paired with highly arousing negative USs were more negatively evaluated, (ii) that the EC effect with highly and mildly arousing negative USs was stronger among participants with greater self-reported difficulties in everyday ER. Moreover, participants were more likely to be aware of the CS-US contingencies with highly (vs. mildly) arousing negative USs. Implications for the understanding of maladaptive behaviors and for future directions in EC research are discussed.

The effects of aversive conditioning on implicit race bias

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah R. Zinner ◽  
Eddie Harmon-Jones ◽  
Patricia G. Devine ◽  
David M. Amodio
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Race Bias

Olfactory aversive conditioning in the newborn (3-hr-old) rat impairs later suckling for water and milk.

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Nizhnikov ◽  
Evgeniy S. Petrov ◽  
Norman E. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Conditioning

scholarly journals Diagnostic Task Specific Activations in Functional MRI and Aberrant Connectivity of Insula with Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Inform the Differential Diagnosis of Psychosis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Drozdstoy Stoyanov ◽  
Katrin Aryutova ◽  
Sevdalina Kandilarova ◽  
Rositsa Paunova ◽  
Zlatoslav Arabadzhiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Inhibitory Connection ◽  
Significant Difference

We constructed a novel design integrating the administration of a clinical self-assessment scale with simultaneous acquisition of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), aiming at cross-validation between psychopathology evaluation and neuroimaging techniques. We hypothesized that areas demonstrating differential activation in two groups of patients (the first group exhibiting paranoid delusions in the context of paranoid schizophrenia—SCH—and second group with a depressive episode in the context of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder—DEP) will have distinct connectivity patterns and structural differences. Fifty-one patients with SCH (n = 25) or DEP (n = 26) were scanned with three different MRI sequences: a structural and two functional sequences—resting-state and task-related fMRI (the stimuli represent items from a paranoid-depressive self-evaluation scale). While no significant differences were found in gray matter volumes, we were able to discriminate between the two clinical entities by identifying two significant clusters of activations in the SCH group—the left Precuneus (PreCu) extending to the left Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC) and the right Angular Gyrus (AG). Additionally, the effective connectivity of the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), a part of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) to the Anterior Insula (AI), demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups with inhibitory connection demonstrated only in SCH. The observed activations of PreCu, PCC, and AG (involved in the Default Mode Network DMN) might be indirect evidence of the inhibitory connection from the DLPFC to AI, interfering with the balancing function of the insula as the dynamic switch in the DMN. The findings of our current study might suggest that the connectivity from DLPFC to the anterior insula can be interpreted as evidence for the presence of an aberrant network that leads to behavioral abnormalities, the manifestation of which depends on the direction of influence. The reduced effective connectivity from the AI to the DLPFC is manifested as depressive symptoms, and the inhibitory effect from the DLPFC to the AI is reflected in the paranoid symptoms of schizophrenia.

Commentary: Pure Apraxia of Speech After Resection Based in the Posterior Middle Frontal Gyrus

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. E390-E391
Author(s):  
Eric L Altschuler
Keyword(s):  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech

scholarly journals Chlordiazepoxide and aversive conditioning: Effects of acquisition and performance of the conditioned nictitating membrane response in the rabbit

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drake C. Chisholm ◽  
J. V. Couch ◽  
John W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Nictitating Membrane ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nictitating Membrane Response
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document