Global evaluation of contributions of GABA A , AMPA and NMDA receptors to orientation maps in cat's visual cortex

NeuroImage ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 776-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Yu ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Tiande Shou
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Orientation Maps ◽  
Ampa And Nmda Receptors

scholarly journals Aberrant development of excitatory circuits to inhibitory neurons in the primary visual cortex after neonatal binocular enucleation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongkang Deng ◽  
Joseph P. Y. Kao ◽  
Patrick O. Kanold
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Retinal Input ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Ampa And Nmda Receptors ◽  
Laser Scanning Photostimulation

AbstractThe development of GABAergic interneurons is important for the functional maturation of cortical circuits. After migrating into the cortex, GABAergic interneurons start to receive glutamatergic connections from cortical excitatory neurons and thus gradually become integrated into cortical circuits. These glutamatergic connections are mediated by glutamate receptors including AMPA and NMDA receptors and the ratio of AMPA to NMDA receptors decreases during development. Since previous studies have shown that retinal input can regulate the early development of connections along the visual pathway, we investigated if the maturation of glutamatergic inputs to GABAergic interneurons in the visual cortex requires retinal input. We mapped the spatial pattern of glutamatergic connections to layer 4 (L4) GABAergic interneurons in mouse visual cortex at around postnatal day (P) 16 by laser-scanning photostimulation and investigated the effect of binocular enucleations at P1/P2 on these patterns. Gad2-positive interneurons in enucleated animals showed an increased fraction of AMPAR-mediated input from L2/3 and a decreased fraction of input from L5/6. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons showed similar changes in relative connectivity. NMDAR-only input was largely unchanged by enucleation. Our results show that retinal input sculpts the integration of interneurons into V1 circuits and suggest that the development of AMPAR- and NMDAR-only connections might be regulated differently.

Neurotransmitter receptors mediating excitatory input to cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. I. Lagged cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Heggelund ◽  
E. Hartveit
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Gaba Antagonists ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Lagged Cells

1. Synaptic mechanisms that might explain the functional properties of the recently discovered class of lagged cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were analyzed with electrophysiological and pharmacologic techniques. To study the type of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor that mediates visual responses of lagged cells, we recorded the response of single cells to a stationary flashing light spot before, during, and after microiontophoretic application of antagonists and agonists to EAA receptors. 2. The visual response of the lagged cells could be almost completely blocked by an antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The degree of suppression was dose dependent, and the average maximum degree of suppression for all the cells was 94%. NMDA enhanced the response, and this enhancement was antagonized by NMDA antagonists. A quisqualate/kainate receptor antagonist had no significant effect on the lagged cells. 3. These findings indicate that the visual response in lagged cells is dependent upon activation of NMDA receptors, which may directly result from activation of retinal inputs. 4. No pharmacologic difference was seen between lagged X- and Y-cells, or between lagged ON- and OFF-center cells. 5. gamma-Aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptor antagonists were used to study whether the characteristic lag of the visual response and the suppression of the initial transient response component of the lagged cells are dependent on geniculate inhibition. Beside enhancement of the visual response, the GABA antagonists strongly reduced the lag of the visual response, and an initial transient response component occurred instead of the initial suppression. The lag remained slightly longer than for nonlagged cells, and the peak firing rate of the transient was below values typical for nonlagged cells, indicating that the lagged cell properties are dependent on other factors beside GABA-A receptor-mediated inhibition. 6. The enhanced visual response during iontophoresis of GABA antagonists could be completely blocked by simultaneous iontophoresis of an NMDA-receptor antagonist. This gives further support to the hypothesis that the retinal input to these cells is mediated by NMDA receptors. 7. The NMDA-receptor/ionophore complex mediates excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) characterized by slow rise and decay times and long duration. The ionophore is characterized by a voltage-dependent blockade that makes these receptors particularly sensitive to inhibitory input. The temporal interplay between the slow NMDA receptor-mediated EPSPs and the fast GABA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) may explain the characteristic response properties of the lagged cells.

Self-Organization of Local Cortical Circuits and Cortical Orientation Maps: A Nonlinear Hebbian Model of the Visual Cortex with Adaptive Lateral Couplings

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 464-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Burger ◽  
Wolfgang Lang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Random Input ◽  
Intracortical Circuits ◽  
Orientation Maps ◽  
Lateral Coupling

A nonlinear, recurrent neural network model of the visual cortex is presented. Orientation maps emerge from adaptable afferent as well as plastic local intracortical circuits driven by random input stimuli. Lateral coupling structures self-organize into DOG profiles under the influence of pronounced emerging cortical activity blobs. The model’s simplified architecture and features are modeled to largely mimik neurobiological findings.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Ocular Dominance and Orientation Maps in Visual Cortex of Monocularly Deprived Cats

Neuron ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Crair ◽  
Edward S Ruthazer ◽  
Deda C Gillespie ◽  
Michael P Stryker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Orientation Maps

scholarly journals Global Dynamics of Intact AMPA and NMDA Receptors using Elastic Network Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 382a
Author(s):  
Ji Young Lee ◽  
Anindita Dutta ◽  
James Krieger ◽  
Javier Garcia-Nafria ◽  
Ingo Greger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Elastic Network ◽  
Elastic Network Models ◽  
Ampa And Nmda Receptors

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF COTRANSMISSION BY EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS AND ACETYLCHOLINE IN THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
ROUSTEM MIFTAHOF ◽  
N. R. AKHMADEEV
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acids ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Ampa And Nmda Receptors ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The role of cotransmission by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxalose propionic acid (AMPA), L-aspartate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and acetylcholine (ACh) as well as the coexpression of AMPA, NMDA, and nicotinic ACh (nACh) receptors on the electrophysiological activity of the primary sensory (AH) and motor (S) neurons of the enteric nervous system are numerically assessed. Results of computer simulations showed that AMPA and L-Asp alone can induce fast action potentials of short duration on AH and S neurons. Costimulation of nACh and AMPA receptors on the soma of the S neuron resulted in periodic spiking activity. A characteristic biphasic response was recorded from the AH neuron after coactivation of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Glutamate alone acting on NMDA receptors caused prolonged depolarization of the AH neuron and failed to depolarize the S neuron. Cojoint stimulation of the AMPA or nACh receptors was required to produce the effect of glutamate. The overall electrical response of neurons to the activation of NMDA receptors was long-term depolarization. Acetylcholine, AMPA, and glutamate acting alone or cojointly enhanced phasic contraction of the longitudinal smooth muscle. Treatment of neurons with AMPA, NMDA, and nACh receptor antagonists revealed intricate properties of the AH and S neurons. Application of MK-801, D-AP5, and CPP reduced the excitability of the AH neuron and totally abolished electrical activity in the S neuron. The information gained into the cotransmission by excitatory amino acids and acetylcholine in the enteric nervous system may be beneficial in the development of novel effective therapeutics to treat diseases associated with altered visceral nociception, i.e. irritable bowel syndrome.

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