Ethanol enhances both action potential-dependent and action potential-independent GABAergic transmission onto cerebellar Purkinje cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritoshi Hirono ◽  
Masahisa Yamada ◽  
Kunihiko Obata
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Gabaergic Transmission ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

scholarly journals Maturation of GABAergic Transmission in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Is Sex Dependent and Altered in the Valproate Model of Autism

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Roux ◽  
Ann Lohof ◽  
Yehezkel Ben-Ari ◽  
Bernard Poulain ◽  
Jean-Louis Bossu
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Gabaergic Transmission ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

scholarly journals 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) augments Ca2+-dependent action potential and changes oscillatory firing patterns in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wha Sook Seo ◽  
Jung Hoon Shin ◽  
Chang Kook Suh
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

scholarly journals α2δ-2 is Required for Functional Postsynaptic Calcium Channel Nanodomain Signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Beeson ◽  
Gary Westbrook ◽  
Eric Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Postsynaptic Calcium ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings ◽  
Neuronal Output

α2δ proteins (CACNA2D1-4) are required for normal neurological function, although the mechanisms whereby α2δ proteins control neuronal output remain unclear. Using whole-cell recordings of mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells, we show that α2δ-2 is required for coupling postsynaptic voltage-dependent calcium entry to effector mechanisms controlling depolarization-induced suppression of excitation as well as action potential afterhyperpolarization. Our findings indicate that α2δ-2 is necessary for the function of postsynaptic calcium signaling nanodomains.

scholarly journals Using deep neural networks to detect complex spikes of cerebellar Purkinje Cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Markanday ◽  
Joachim Bellet ◽  
Marie E. Bellet ◽  
Ziad M. Hafed ◽  
Peter Thier
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Complex Spike ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Complex Spikes

AbstractOne of the most powerful excitatory synapses in the entire brain is formed by cerebellar climbing fibers, originating from neurons in the inferior olive, that wrap around the proximal dendrites of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The activation of a single olivary neuron is capable of generating a large electrical event, called “complex spike”, at the level of the postsynaptic Purkinje cell, comprising of a fast initial spike of large amplitude followed by a slow polyphasic tail of small amplitude spikelets. Several ideas discussing the role of the cerebellum in motor control are centered on these complex spike events. However, these events are extremely rare, only occurring 1-2 times per second. As a result, drawing conclusions about their functional role has been very challenging, as even few errors in their detection may change the result. Since standard spike sorting approaches cannot fully handle the polyphasic shape of complex spike waveforms, the only safe way to avoid omissions and false detections has been to rely on visual inspection of long traces of Purkinje cell recordings by experts. Here we present a supervised deep learning algorithm for rapidly and reliably detecting complex spikes as an alternative to tedious visual inspection. Our algorithm, utilizing both action potential and local field potential signals, not only detects complex spike events much faster than human experts, but it also excavates key features of complex spike morphology with a performance comparable to that of such experts.Significance statementClimbing fiber driven “complex spikes”, fired at perplexingly low rates, are known to play a crucial role in cerebellum-based motor control. Careful interpretations of these spikes require researchers to manually detect them, since conventional online or offline spike sorting algorithms (optimized for analyzing the much more frequent “simple spikes”) cannot be fully trusted. Here, we present a deep learning approach for identifying complex spikes, which is trained on local field and action potential recordings from cerebellar Purkinje cells. Our algorithm successfully identifies complex spikes, along with additional relevant neurophysiological features, with an accuracy level matching that of human experts, yet with very little time expenditure.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritoshi Hirono ◽  
Fuyuki Karube ◽  
Yuchio Yanagawa
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Gaba Release ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Perineuronal Nets ◽  
Gabaergic Transmission ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in reward, language, and social behavior. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) make inhibitory GABAergic synapses with their target neurons: other PCs and Lugaro/globular cells via PC axon collaterals, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) via PC primary axons. PC-Lugaro/globular cell connections form a cerebellar cortical microcircuit, which is driven by serotonin and noradrenaline. PCs’ primary outputs control not only firing but also synaptic plasticity of DCN neurons following the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the cerebellar cortex. Thus, strong PC-mediated inhibition is involved in cerebellar functions as a key regulator of cerebellar neural networks. In this review, we focus on physiological characteristics of GABAergic transmission from PCs. First, we introduce monoaminergic modulation of GABAergic transmission at synapses of PC-Lugaro/globular cell as well as PC-large glutamatergic DCN neuron, and a Lugaro/globular cell-incorporated microcircuit. Second, we review the physiological roles of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are organized components of the extracellular matrix and enwrap the cell bodies and proximal processes, in GABA release from PCs to large glutamatergic DCN neurons and in cerebellar motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in PNN density in the DCN can regulate cerebellar functions.

Ultrastorcture of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Rats Subjected To Partial Global Cerebral Ischemia

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
R.V.W. Dimlich ◽  
M.H. Biros
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Cerebellar Damage ◽  
Cerebellar Injury ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cell Changes

In severe cerebral ischemia, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum are one of the cell types most vulnerable to anoxic damage. In the partial (forebrain) global ischemic (PGI) model of the rat, Paljärvi noted at the light microscopic level that cerebellar damage is inconsistant and when present, milder than in the telencephalon, diencephalon and rostral brain stem. Cerebellar injury was observed in 3 of 4 PGI rats following 5 minutes of reperfusion but in none of the rats after 90 min of reperfusion. To evaluate a time between these two extremes (5 and 90 min), the present investigation used the PGI model to study the effects of ischemia on the ultrastructure of cerebellar Purkinje cells in rats that were sacrificed after 30 min of reperfusion. This time also was chosen because lactic acid that is thought to contribute to ischemic cell changes in PGI is at a maximum after 30 min of reperfusion.

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