Movement patterns underlying first trial responses in human balance corrections

Neuroscience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-S. Tang ◽  
F. Honegger ◽  
J.H.J. Allum
2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 3047-3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars B. Oude Nijhuis ◽  
Bastiaan R. Bloem ◽  
Mark G. Carpenter ◽  
John H. J. Allum

Knee movements play a critical role in most balance corrections. Loss of knee flexibility may cause postural instability. Conversely, trained voluntary knee flexions executed during balance corrections might help to overcome balance deficits. We examined whether bilateral knee flexion could be added to automatic balance corrections generated by sudden balance perturbations. We investigated how this could be achieved and whether it improved or worsened balance control. Twenty-four healthy subjects participated in three different test conditions, in which they had to flex their knees following an auditory cue (VOLUNTARY condition), had to restore their balance in response to multidirectional rotations of a support surface (REACTIVE condition), or the combination of these two (COMBINED condition). A new variable set (PREDICTED), calculated as the mathematical sum of VOLUNTARY and REACTIVE, was compared with the COMBINED variable set. COMBINED responses following forward rotations were close to PREDICTED, or greater, suggesting adequate integration of knee flexion into the automatic balance reactions. For backward rotations, the COMBINED condition resulted in several near-falls, and this was generally associated with smaller knee flexion and smaller EMG responses. Subjects compensated by using greater trunk flexion and arm movements. Activity in several muscles displayed earlier onsets for the COMBINED condition following backward rotations. We conclude that healthy adults can incorporate voluntary knee flexion into their automatic balance corrections and that this depends on the direction of the postural perturbation. These findings highlight the flexibility of the human balance repertoire and underscore both the advantages and limitations of using trained voluntary movements to aid balance corrections in man.


2009 ◽  
Vol 1164 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G.C. Horlings ◽  
M.G. Carpenter ◽  
F. Honegger ◽  
J.H.J. Allum

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 189-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H.J. Allum ◽  
M. Gresty ◽  
E. Keshner ◽  
C. Shupert

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit

Based on the results of research that conducted by previous researchers suggest that the schools are the institutions most vulnerable to enter the radical religious ideology. Many factors could be cause this to happen. The lack regulation of the process of Islamic religious education in the schools, psychological conditions adolescentare unstable and looking for identity, the lack of religious comprehension in the students, and the religious organizations that entered to school institutions with a various of ideologies very easy, are part of the factors that cause vulnerability school institute from radical religious comprehension. In the respect to these conditions are required the model of the da’wa movement that can be accepted by adolescent and it be an alternative in the development of da’wa in the schools.To get the data, the authors conducted a qualitative study in the area of ​​Purwokerto using the phenomenological approach. The researchers conducted interviews and focus group discussions with the school leaders, teachers, students, activists of religious organizations, and religious leaders who understand the problems in this study. The main data is processed by combining the results of the observation and study of literature through a phenomenological approach that emphasizes the meaning behind the phrases or statements from informan.To produce the movement patterns of school da’wathat can be acceptable to all the communities in the schools, the school needs to make the movement patterns of integratif school da’wa,both intra-curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricularactivities. The religious activities and cultivation of religious values ​​are part of the process of da’wa that do not separated in the schools. In the practice of this the movement patterns, the school should pay attention to the characteristics of the school, students' backgrounds, as well as involvedstakeholders and the da’wa organizations.


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