scholarly journals Quasi-periodic patterns of brain activity in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzar Abbas ◽  
Yasmine Bassil ◽  
Shella Keilholz
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Periodic Patterns ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Quasi-periodic patterns of brain activity in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzar Abbas ◽  
Yasmine Bassil ◽  
Shella Keilholz
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Periodic Patterns ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
And Task

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been shown to have disrupted functional connectivity in the default mode and task positive networks. Traditional fMRI analysis techniques that focus on static changes in functional connectivity have been successful in identifying differences between healthy controls and individuals with ADHD. However, such analyses are unable to explain the mechanisms behind the functional connectivity differences observed. Here, we study dynamic changes in functional connectivity in individuals with ADHD through investigation of quasi-periodic patterns (QPPs). QPPs are reliably recurring low-frequency spatiotemporal patterns in the brain linked to infra-slow electrical activity. They have been shown to contribute to functional connectivity observed through static analysis techniques. We find that QPPs contribute to functional connectivity specifically in regions that are disrupted during ADHD. Individuals with ADHD also show differences in the spatiotemporal pattern observed within the QPPs. This difference results in a weaker contribution of QPPs to functional connectivity in the default mode and task positive networks. We conclude that quasi-periodic patterns provide insight into the mechanisms behind functional connectivity differences seen in individuals with ADHD. This allows for a better understanding of the etiology of the disorder and development of effective treatments.

Differential effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on intrinsic brain activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 3173-3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Shang ◽  
C. G. Yan ◽  
H. Y. Lin ◽  
W. Y. Tseng ◽  
F. X. Castellanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity

BackgroundMethylphenidate and atomoxetine are commonly prescribed for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, their therapeutic neural mechanisms remain unclear.MethodAfter baseline evaluation including cognitive testing of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), drug-naive children with ADHD (n = 46), aged 7–17 years, were randomly assigned to a 12-week treatment with methylphenidate (n = 22) or atomoxetine (n = 24). Intrinsic brain activity, including the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), was quantified via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and week 12.ResultsReductions in inattentive symptoms were related to increased fALFF in the left superior temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule for ADHD children treated with methylphenidate, and in the left lingual gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus for ADHD children treated with atomoxetine. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom reductions were differentially related to increased fALFF in the methylphenidate group and to decreased fALFF in the atomoxetine group in bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri. Prediction analyses in the atomoxetine group revealed negative correlations between pre-treatment CANTAB simple reaction time and fALFF change in the left lingual gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus, and positive correlations between pre-treatment CANTAB simple movement time and fALFF change in bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri and left precuneus, with a negative correlation between movement time and the fALFF change in the left lingual gyrus and the inferior occipital gyrus.ConclusionsOur findings suggest differential neurophysiological mechanisms for the treatment effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in children with ADHD.

Frontal Beta Activity in the Meta-Intention of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 155005942093314
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Liao ◽  
Nai-Wen Guo ◽  
Bei-Yi Su ◽  
Shin-Jaw Chen ◽  
Hsing-Fang Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Attention Performance

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high theta and low beta activity in the frontal lobe. The higher the theta/beta ratio, the lower the level of central nervous system (CNS) cortical arousal. However, there is seldom evidence between electroencephalograms (EEGs) and the patient’s intentionality to regulate the cortical activity of executive attention tasks. We investigated whether children with ADHD intended to improve their performance in executive attention tasks and whether that increased their brain activity. Fifty-one children with ADHD (ADHD) and 51 typical developing (TD) children were investigated using focused attention (FA) and search attention (SA) tasks and a simultaneous EEG. The children were then regrouped as faster (ADHD-F, TD-F) and slower (ADHD-S, TD-S) depending on reaction time (RT). Quantitative EEGs of frontal lobe theta and beta activity at frontal F3, F4, and Fz were used. Twenty-eight (54.9%) ADHD children were regrouped as ADHD-S and 14 (27.5%) as TD-S. The ADHD-S group, however, had poorer FA and SA performance than the other 3 groups did: fewer correct answers, more frequent impulsive and missing errors, and higher RT variations. There were no significant differences in theta activity, but the TD-S group had higher beta activity than the ADHD-S group did. We conclude that the ADHD-F and ADHD-S groups had different attention processes. beta activity did not increase in the ADHD-S group, and their executive attention performance in the FA and SA tests was poor. It seems ADHD-S had poor meta-intention function. The frontal beta activity might be a feasible training target of neurofeedback in ADHD-S patients.

scholarly journals Complexity Analysis of Spontaneous Brain Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnostic Implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Fernández ◽  
Javier Quintero ◽  
Roberto Hornero ◽  
Pilar Zuluaga ◽  
Marta Navas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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