The striatum, the hippocampus, and short-term memory binding: Volumetric analysis of the subcortical grey matter's role in mild cognitive impairment

Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is the most common preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A strategy to reduce the impact of AD is the early aMCI diagnosis and clinical intervention. Neuroimaging, neurobiological, and genetic markers have proved to be sensitive and specific for the early diagnosis of AD. However, the high cost of these procedures is prohibitive in low-income and middle-income countries (LIMCs). The neuropsychological assessments currently aim to identify cognitive markers that could contribute to the early diagnosis of dementia. Objective: Compare machine learning (ML) architectures classifying and predicting aMCI and asset the contribution of cognitive measures including binding function in distinction and prediction of aMCI. Methods: We conducted a two-year follow-up assessment of a sample of 154 subjects with a comprehensive multidomain neuropsychological battery. Statistical analysis was proposed using complete ML architectures to compare subjects’ performance to classify and predict aMCI. Additionally, permutation importance and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) routines were implemented for feature importance selection. Results: AdaBoost, gradient boosting, and XGBoost had the highest performance with over 80%success classifying aMCI, and decision tree and random forest had the highest performance with over 70%success predictive routines. Feature importance points, the auditory verbal learning test, short-term memory binding tasks, and verbal and category fluency tasks were used as variables with the first grade of importance to distinguish healthy cognition and aMCI. Conclusion: Although neuropsychological measures do not replace biomarkers’ utility, it is a relatively sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for aMCI. Further studies with ML must identify cognitive performance that differentiates conversion from average MCI to the pathological MCI observed in AD.

Download Full-text

Increased Contact System Activation in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Impaired Short-Term Memory

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-200343 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pradeep K. Singh ◽

Zu-Lin Chen ◽

Sidney Strickland ◽

Erin H. Norris

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Contact System ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

System Activation

Download Full-text

Face Short-Term Memory-Related Electroencephalographic Patterns can Differentiate Multi- versus Single-Domain Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-2011-110170 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 157-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marie-Pierre Deiber ◽

Vicente Ibáñez ◽

François Herrmann ◽

Cristelle Rodriguez ◽

Joan Emch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Single Domain ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory

Download Full-text

Variability in Cognitive Performance on Mobile Devices Is Sensitive to Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Einstein Aging Study

Frontiers in Digital Health ◽

10.3389/fdgth.2021.758031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Eric S. Cerino ◽

Mindy J. Katz ◽

Cuiling Wang ◽

Jiyue Qin ◽

Qi Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Visual Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Binding

Background and Objective: Within-person variability in cognitive performance has emerged as a promising indicator of cognitive health with potential to distinguish normative and pathological cognitive aging. We use a smartphone-based digital health approach with ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to examine differences in variability in performance among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those who were cognitively unimpaired (CU).Method: A sample of 311 systematically recruited, community-dwelling older adults from the Einstein Aging Study (Mean age = 77.46 years, SD = 4.86, Range = 70–90; 67% Female; 45% Non-Hispanic White, 40% Non-Hispanic Black) completed neuropsychological testing, neurological assessments, and self-reported questionnaires. One hundred individuals met Jak/Bondi criteria for MCI. All participants performed mobile cognitive tests of processing speed, visual short-term memory binding, and spatial working memory on a smartphone device up to six times daily for 16 days, yielding up to 96 assessments per person. We employed heterogeneous variance multilevel models using log-linear prediction of residual variance to simultaneously assess cognitive status differences in mean performance, within-day variability, and day-to-day variability. We further tested whether these differences were robust to the influence of environmental contexts under which assessments were performed.Results: Individuals with MCI exhibited greater within-day variability than those who were CU on ambulatory assessments that measure processing speed (p < 0.001) and visual short-term memory binding (p < 0.001) performance but not spatial working memory. Cognitive status differences in day-to-day variability were present only for the measure of processing speed. Associations between cognitive status and within-day variability in performance were robust to adjustment for sociodemographic and contextual variables.Conclusion: Our smartphone-based digital health approach facilitates the ambulatory assessment of cognitive performance in older adults and the capacity to differentiate individuals with MCI from those who were CU. Results suggest variability in mobile cognitive performance is sensitive to MCI and exhibits dissociative patterns by timescale and cognitive domain. Variability in processing speed and visual short-term memory binding performance may provide specific detection of MCI. The 16-day smartphone-based EMA measurement burst offers novel opportunity to leverage digital technology to measure performance variability across frequent assessments for studying cognitive health and identifying early clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment.

Download Full-text

Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment Show Lower Visual Short-Term Memory Performance in Feature Binding Tasks

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000455831 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 74-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raju P. Sapkota ◽

Ian van der Linde ◽

Nirmal Lamichhane ◽

Tirthalal Upadhyaya ◽

Shahina Pardhan

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Feature Binding ◽

Object Location ◽

Short Term ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Term Memory ◽

Visual Short Term Memory ◽

Location Binding

Background: Early cognitive changes in people at risk of developing dementia may be detected using behavioral tests that examine the performance of typically affected brain areas, such as the hippocampi. An important cognitive function supported by the hippocampi is memory binding, in which object features are associated to create a unified percept. Aim: To compare visual short-term memory (VSTM) binding performance for object names, locations, and identities between a participant group known to be at higher risk of developing dementia (mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) and healthily aging controls. Methods: Ten MCI and 10 control participants completed five VSTM tests that differed in their requirement of remembering bound or unbound object names, locations, and identities, along with a standard neuropsychological test (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination [ACE]-III). Results: The performance of the MCI participants was selectively and significantly lower than that of the healthily aging controls for memory tasks that required object-location or name-location binding. Conclusion: Tasks that measure unimodal (object-location) and crossmodal (name-location) binding performance appear to be particularly effective for the detection of early cognitive changes in those at higher risk of developing dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.

Download Full-text

Refining memory assessment of elderly people with cognitive impairment: Insights from the short-term memory binding test

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/j.archger.2019.03.025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 114-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mario A. Parra ◽

Clara Calia ◽

Ana Frank García ◽

Javier Olazarán-Rodríguez ◽

Juan Antonio Hernandez-Tamames ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Elderly People ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory Assessment ◽

Memory Binding

Download Full-text

P1-324: EPISODIC SHORT-TERM MEMORY AND SELECTIVE ATTENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA, MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, AND SUBJECTIVE MEMORY IMPAIRMENT

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.565 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. P430-P430

Author(s):

Georg Adler ◽

Yvonne Lembach ◽

Angelika Mautes

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Selective Attention ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Alzheimer’S Dementia ◽

Short Term ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Term Memory ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment

Download Full-text

Impact of preoperative mild cognitive impairment on cerebrovascular events and cognitive status in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: data from 5-year follow-up

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4519 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 4519

Author(s):

I. D. Syrova ◽

O. A. Trubnikova ◽

I. V. Tarasova ◽

O. V. Maleva ◽

S. E. Semenov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Bypass Grafting ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Cerebrovascular Events

Aim. To assess the incidence of cerebrovascular events and cognitive status in the long-term period after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without preoperative mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Material and methods. This prospective study involved 115 patients aged 45 to 69 years, who were admitted to the hospital for elective on-pump CABG. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, neuroimaging and neuropsychological examination 3-5 days before and 5-7 years after CABG. Cognitive functioning was assessed using screening neuropsychological scales and neuropsychological testing with an assessment of neurodynamics, attention and short-term memory. Pre-CABG MCI was diagnosed based on the criteria by R. Petersen et al. Therefore, the patients were divided into two groups: with (n=51) and without MCI (n=64).Results. It was found that strokes and dementia during the long-term postoperative period of CABG were observed only in the group of patients with preoperative MCI (7,84%). Five-seven years after CABG, a decrease in cognitive status according to neuropsychological scales was found in all patients (p≤0,05). A decrease in neurodynamics, attention and short-term memory compared to the preoperative level was found in 47,92% of patients with preoperative MCI, without MCI — in 40,63%. Neurodynamic disorders occurred equally frequently in both groups (63,8% and 57,8% of patients, respectively). Memory impairments were more often observed in patients with MCI (55,3%) compared to those without MCI (34,4%) (OR=2,36, 95% CI, 1,09-5,12, p=0,03). According to brain multislice computed tomography in the group with preoperative MCI, the number of patients with cysts and leukoaraiosis 5-7 years after CABG was higher than in those without MCI (p≤0,05).Conclusion. In the long-term (5-7 years) postoperative period of CABG, more than 40% of patients demonstrate a decrease in cognitive status, regardless of preoperative data. At the same time, preoperative MCI is associated with adverse cerebrovascular events and dementia, accompanied by morphological brain abnormalities. Due to the revealed facts, it is necessary to optimize approaches to drug treatment and secondary prevention of cognitive decline after cardiac surgery.

Download Full-text