alzheimer’s dementia
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2022 ◽  
pp. 155005942110697
Author(s):  
James E Arruda ◽  
Madison C McInnis ◽  
Jessica Steele

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is characterized by normal daily activity, but a significant decline in episodic memory, is now widely accepted as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Research suggests that many of the same neuropathological changes associated with AD also occur in patients diagnosed with aMCI. A recent review of the literature revealed that the latency of the flash visual-evoked potential-P2 (FVEP-P2) may possess pathognomonic information that may assist in the early detection of aMCI. While standards exist for the recording of FVEP-P2, individual clinics often use recording parameters that may differ, resulting in latencies that may not generalize beyond the clinic that produced them. The present article illustrates the process by which the FVEP-P2 latency can be standardized across clinics using FVEP-P2 Conversion Scores. We then demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of the newly developed scores. Method: In the present investigation, we used the previously unpublished data containing the FVEP-P2 latencies of 45 AD and 60 controls. Result: We were able to demonstrate the process by which individual clinics may first standardize FVEP-P2 latencies and then examine patient performance using FVEP-P2 Conversion Scores, providing clinicians with a richer context from which to examine the patient performance. Conclusion: Consistent with the findings of previous research, the findings of the present investigation support the use of the FVEP-P2 Conversion Scores in the diagnosis of AD. Future directions, including the modification of recording parameters associated with the FVEP-P2, are also discussed.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262226
Author(s):  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Jae Hyun Ryou ◽  
Kang Ta Choi ◽  
Sun Mi Kim ◽  
Jee Taek Kim ◽  
...  

Deficits in color vision and related retinal changes hold promise as early screening biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to determine a cut-off score that can screen for Alzheimer’s dementia using a novel color vision threshold test named the red, green, and blue (RGB) modified color vision plate test (RGB-vision plate). We developed the RGB-vision plate consisting of 30 plates in which the red and green hues of Ishihara Plate No.22 were sequentially adjusted. A total of 108 older people participated in the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Ishihara plate, and RGB-vision plate. For the analyses, the participants were divided into two groups: Alzheimer’s dementia (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 38). K-means cluster analysis and ROC curve analysis were performed to identify the most appropriate cut-off score. As a result, the cut-off screening score for Alzheimer’s dementia on the RGB-vision plate was set at 25, with an area under the curve of 0.773 (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the RGB-vision plate thresholds and MMSE scores (r = -0.36, p = 0.02). In conclusion, patients with Alzheimer’s dementia had a deficit in color vision. The RGB-vision plate is a potential early biomarker that may adequately detect Alzheimer’s dementia.


Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013252
Author(s):  
Lei Yu ◽  
Patricia A Boyle ◽  
Aliza P Wingo ◽  
Jingyun Yang ◽  
Tianhao Wang ◽  
...  

Background and Objectives:Alzheimer’s dementia is a complex clinical syndrome that can be defined broadly as an amnestic multidomain dementia. We previously reported human cortical proteins that are implicated in Alzheimer’s dementia. To understand the pathologic correlates of these proteins for underlying disease mechanisms, we investigated cortical protein associations with common age-related neuropathologies.Methods:Participants were community-dwelling older adults from two cohort studies of aging and dementia. All underwent detailed annual clinical evaluations, and brain autopsies were performed after death. We refer Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to pathologically defined disease, and refer Alzheimer’s dementia to the clinical syndrome. Indices for AD, cortical Lewy bodies, limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC), hippocampal sclerosis, macroscopic infarcts, microinfarcts, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis were quantified during uniform structured neuropathologic evaluations. High-throughput protein abundances from frozen dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were quantified using mass spectrometry based tandem mass tag proteomics analysis. Eleven human cortical proteins implicated in Alzheimer’s dementia, including ACE, CHSP1, CATH, DOC2A, ICA1L, LACTB, PKHA1, RTF2, SNX32, STX4, and STX6, were previously identified using an integrative approach. Logistic regression analysis examined the association of protein expression with each of the neuropathologic indices.Results:A total of 391 older adults were included. We did not observe associations of these protein targets with pathologic diagnosis of AD. By contrast, multiple proteins were associated with non-AD neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular conditions. In particular, higher CHSP1 expression was associated with cortical Lewy bodies and macroscopic infarcts, and higher CATH expression was associated with LATE-NC and arteriolosclerosis. Further, while higher STX6 expression increased the risk of Alzheimer’s dementia, the protein was not associated with any of the neuropathologic indices investigated.Discussion:Cortical proteins implicated in Alzheimer’s dementia do not necessarily work through AD pathogenesis; rather, non-AD neurodegenerative and vascular diseases, as well as other pathways are at play. Further, some proteins are pleiotrophic and associated with both neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. K. Wallace ◽  
Olga Theou ◽  
Judith Godin ◽  
David D. Ward ◽  
Melissa K. Andrew ◽  
...  

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Charlotte Kloft ◽  
Robert Hoerr

Following reports of bleeding upon Ginkgo intake, we assessed whether Ginkgo extract EGb 761® affects coagulation or platelet function or increases the risk of bleeding. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio and bleeding time were measured in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia at baseline, weeks 6 and 26. A total of 513 patients were randomized to 120 mg (n = 169) or 240 mg EGb 761® (n = 170) or placebo (n = 174). No relevant changes were found for coagulation parameters and bleeding time. Numbers of bleeding-related adverse events were similar in all groups. Concomitant intake of acetylsalicylic acid was documented for 68 patients in the placebo group and 105 in the EGb 761® groups. Within these groups, the means at baseline and week 26 differed by less than 1 unit for prothrombin time and bleeding time and less than 0.1 unit for international normalized ratio. Data on warfarin treatment in nine patients each taking placebo or EGb 761® did not indicate enhancement of warfarin effects by EGb 761®. No evidence was found that EGb 761® affects hemostasis or increases the bleeding risk. No pharmacodynamic interactions with warfarin or acetylsalicylic acid were found.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapir Golan ◽  
Ethel Boccara ◽  
Ramit Ravona‐Springer ◽  
Yael Inbar ◽  
Iscka Yore ◽  
...  

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