<b>Background/Purpose.</b> To compare efficacy and safety of short- and
long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), both used in combination with
basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.<b></b>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Data Sources/Study Selection.</b><b><i> </i></b>Randomized controlled trials comparing the co-administration of short-
or long-acting GLP-1 RAs and basal insulin with basal insulin ± placebo were
identified (PubMed search). Of 974 identified publications 14 clinical trials
were included. Eight trials examined short-acting and six long-acting GLP-1
RAs.<b></b></p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Data Extraction/Data Synthesis.</b> Differences in HbA<sub>1c</sub>, fasting plasma glucose, body weight
and adverse events were compared between studies using short- or long-acting
GLP-1 RAs by random-effects meta-analysis.</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Limitations.
</b>Relatively small numbers of available
publications, some heterogeneity regarding protocols and differences in the
GLP-1 RA compound used.</p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p><b>Conclusions.</b> Long-acting GLP-1 RAs more effectively reduced HbA<sub>1c</sub> (∆ - 6
mmol/mol, [95 % CI - 10; - 2], p= 0.007), fasting plasma glucose (∆ - 0.7
mmol/l [- 1.2; - 0.3] p= 0.007) and body weight (∆ - 1.4 kg [- 2.2; - 0.6] p=
0.002) and raised the proportion of patients achieving an HbA<sub>1c</sub> target < 7.0%
(< 53 mmol/mol; p= 0.03) more than the short-acting ones. Patients reporting symptomatic (p= 0.048), but not severe hypoglycemia
(p= 0.96) were fewer with long- vs. short-acting GLP-1 RAs added to insulin.
The proportion of patients reporting nausea (- 52 %; p < 0.0001) or vomiting
(- 36 %; p= 0.0002) was lower with long-acting GLP-1 RAs.<b> </b>Overall, GLP-1 RAs improved HbA<sub>1c</sub>, fasting
plasma glucose and body weight when added to basal insulin. However,
long-acting GLP-1 RAs were significantly more effective for glycemic and body
weight control and displayed better gastro-intestinal tolerability. </p>