In sampling-based reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of large-scale engineering applications, the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is often used for the probability of failure calculation and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using the prediction from the surrogate model for the performance function evaluations. When the number of samples used to construct the surrogate model is not enough, the prediction from the surrogate model becomes inaccurate and thus the Monte Carlo simulation results as well. Therefore, to count in the prediction error from the surrogate model and assure the obtained optimum design from sampling-based RBDO satisfies the probabilistic constraints, a conservative surrogate model, which is not overly conservative, needs to be developed. In this paper, a conservative surrogate model is constructed using the weighted Kriging variance where the weight is determined by the relative change in the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) of the dynamic Kriging model. The proposed conservative surrogate model performs better than the traditional Kriging prediction interval approach because it reduces fluctuation in the Kriging prediction bound and it performs better than the constant safety margin approach because it adaptively accounts large uncertainty of the surrogate model in the region where samples are sparse. Numerical examples show that using the proposed conservative surrogate model for sampling-based RBDO is necessary to have confidence that the optimum design satisfies the probabilistic constraints when the number of samples is limited, while it does not lead to overly conservative designs like the constant safety margin approach.
Thomson linac-based X-ray generator: a primer for theory and design
