Shock-induced reactions (or shock synthesis) have been studied since the 1960’s but are still poorly understood, partly due to the fact that the reaction kinetics are very fast making experimental analysis of the reaction difficult. Shock synthesis is closely related to combustion synthesis, and occurs in the same systems that undergo exothermic gasless combustion reactions. The thermite reaction (Fe2O3 + 2Al -> 2Fe + Al2O3) is prototypical of this class of reactions. The effects of shock-wave passage through porous (powder) materials are complex, because intense and non-uniform plastic deformation is coupled with the shock-wave effects. Thus, the particle interiors experience primarily the effects of shock waves, while the surfaces undergo intense plastic deformation which can often result in interfacial melting. Shock synthesis of compounds from powders is triggered by the extraordinarily high energy deposition rate at the surfaces of the powders, forcing them in close contact, activating them by introducing defects, and heating them close to or even above their melting temperatures.
Head‐wave effects on bottom reverberation and scattering strength in shallow water.
