Marine protected areas: a tool for integrated coastal management in Belize

SUMMARYImportant changes are needed to disciplinary theories and methods to support interdisciplinary and integrated ocean and coastal management policies and implementation. This review argues that theories and methods should conform to a perspective that ocean management is a societal activity with diverse goals ideally informed by interdisciplinary information. The review focuses on the integrated coastal management (ICM) and marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) frameworks and the marine protected areas (MPA) management tool. It begins by suggesting that at present there is a notable imbalance in the degree of effort allocated to monitoring the ecological and social dimensions of ocean resource use and policy processes. Based on how Western society and an influential epistemic community construct ‘the environment’ and society's relation to the environment, natural sciences play an inordinately important role in the description of the problem and policy recommendations. The discourse advocating for a global networks of marine protected areas, without adequate consideration of society impacts and responses, represents an example of this imbalance. Rebalancing the contributions of scientific disciplines encounters various dilemmas with epistemological, methodological and sociological dimensions. The analysis concludes with suggestions for balancing ocean and coastal interdisciplinary research and reframing key issues, creating self reflexive and multidisciplinary research teams, and reworking educational programmes.

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PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH PESISIR DENGAN PENDEKATAN INSTRUMEN EKONOMI

Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan ◽

10.15578/marina.v5i1.7638 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Cornelia Mirwantini Witomo

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Coastal Management ◽

Central Government ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Coastal Development ◽

Management Regime ◽

Regime Divide

Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah (1). Menganalisis bentuk pengelolaaan wilayah pesisir yang sudah dilakukan dalam 30 tahun terakhir di Indonesia, (2). Menganalisis peluang pendekatan instrument ekonomi dalam pengelolaan wilayah pesisir. Rezim pengelolaan wilayah pesisir terbagi menjadi 2 rezim yaitu rezim sebelum reformasi dan rezim setelah reformasi. Rezim sebelum reformasi pengelolaan wilayah pesisir dilakukan secara terpusat sedangkan sejak reformasi muncul ditambah dengan terbitnya UU No 32 Tahun 2004 pemerintah daerah diberi otonomi dalam porsi yang lebih besar. Pada rezim reformasi banyak terbentuk daerah perlindungan laut (DPL) yang berbasis masyarakat. Hal ini sebagai bentuk pengembangan suatu bentuk pengelolaan pesisir terpadu dimana masyarakat menjadi pelaku utama (subyek) dalam pemanfaatan jasa ekosistem. Jika melihat perkembangan pemanfaatan wilayah pesisir memberikan peluang untuk memasukkan instrument ekonomi sebagai bagian untuk peningkatan efisiensi ekonomi dan efektivitas lingkungan. Namun perlu kajian lebih lanjut terkait dengan karateristik desain dari komitmen pembayaran jasa ekosistem meliputi kinerja pembayaran, target ruang dan target biaya manfaat serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi skema pembayaran jasa ekosistem dapat diterima dan secara umum peluang untuk mengaplikasikan pendekatan instrument ekonomi dalam pengelolaan wilayah pesisir cukup besar karena saat ini sudah banyak daerah perlindungan laut yang terbentuk dan target pembentukan daerah perlindungan laut sebesar 30 juta hektar hingga tahun 2030.Title: COASTAL MANAGEMENT USING ECONOMICS INSTRUMENTS APPROACHThe objective of this study are (1) analyzed coastal management form for 30 years in Indonesia and analyzed economic instrument opportunity for coastal management Coastal management regime divide to be regime before reformation and after the transformation. Coastal management carried out by the central government when before transformation while carried out by the local government after transformation. This condition support by law number 32/2004 about autonomy. There are many marine protected areas with community-based that develop when regime transformation. This matter is integrated management where the community as the main actor/subject on ecosystem services utilization. Based on coastal development give an opportunity to internalize the economics instrument as a part of efficiency and effectiveness. However, need a further study about the characteristic of the design of payment ecosystem services commitment consists of payment performance, spatial target and cost-benefit target and factor which is influence scheme of payment and applicable on coastal management generally. Wherefore there are many marine protected areas developed, and there is a target until 2030 to establish new marine protected areas as large as 30 hectares.

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