The Association between Glaucomatous Visual Fields and Optic Nerve Head Features in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study

Ophthalmology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
J KELTNER ◽  
C JOHNSON ◽  
D ANDERSON ◽  
R LEVINE ◽  
J FAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Hypertension Treatment

scholarly journals Imaging video plethysmography shows reduced signal amplitude in glaucoma patients in the area of the microvascular tissue of the optic nerve head

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf-Peter Tornow ◽  
Radim Kolar ◽  
Jan Odstrcilik ◽  
Ivana Labounkova ◽  
Folkert Horn
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Changing Light

Abstract Purpose To measure parameters of the cardiac cycle-induced pulsatile light absorption signal (plethysmography signal) of the optic nerve head (ONH) and to compare parameters between normal subjects and patients with different stages of glaucoma. Patients and methods A recently developed video ophthalmoscope was used to acquire short video sequences (10 s) of the ONH. After image registration and trend correction, the pulsatile changing light absorption at the ONH tissue (excluding large vessels) was calculated. The changing light absorption depends on the pulsatile changing blood volume. Various parameters, including peak amplitude, steepness, time-to-peak, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and pulse duration, were calculated for averaged individual pulses (heartbeats) of the plethysmography signal. This method was applied to 19 healthy control subjects and 91 subjects with ocular hypertension, as well as different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (17 subjects with ocular hypertension, 24 with preperimetric glaucoma, and 50 with perimetric glaucoma). Results Compared to the normal subjects, significant reductions (p < 0.001) in peak amplitude and steepness were observed in the group of perimetric glaucoma patients, but no significant difference was found for time-to-peak, FWHM, and pulse duration. Peak amplitude and steepness showed high correlations with RNFL thickness (p < 0.001). Conclusions The presented low-cost video-ophthalmoscope permits measurement of the plethysmographic signal of the ONH tissue and calculation of different blood flow-related parameters. The reduced values of the amplitude and steepness parameters in perimetric glaucoma patients suggest decreased ONH perfusion and blood volume. This outcome is in agreement with results from other studies using OCT angiography and laser speckle flowgraphy, which confirm reduced capillary density in these patients. Registration site: www.clinicaltrials.gov, Trial registration number: NCT00494923

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of optic nerve head changes using optical coherence tomography in a primate microbead model of ocular hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S. Y. Chan ◽  
Tin Aung Tun ◽  
John C. Allen ◽  
Myoe Naing Lynn ◽  
Sai Bo Bo Tun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
The Mean

Abstract In humans, the longitudinal characterisation of early optic nerve head (ONH) damage in ocular hypertension (OHT) is difficult as patients with glaucoma usually have structural ONH damage at the time of diagnosis. Previous studies assessed glaucomatous ONH cupping by measuring the anterior lamina cribrosa depth (LCD) and minimal rim width (MRW) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this study, we induced OHT by repeated intracameral microbead injections in 16 cynomolgus primates (10 unilateral; 6 bilateral) and assessed the structural changes of the ONH longitudinally to observe early changes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in OHT eyes was maintained for 7 months and serial OCT measurements were performed during this period. The mean IOP was significantly elevated in OHT eyes when compared to baseline and compared to the control eyes. Thinner MRW and deeper LCD values from baseline were observed in OHT eyes with the greatest changes seen between month 1 and month 2 of OHT. Both the mean and maximum IOP values were significant predictors of MRW and LCD changes, although the maximum IOP was a slightly better predictor. We believe that this model could be useful to study IOP-induced early ONH structural damage which is important for understanding glaucoma pathogenesis.

scholarly journals DDIT3 (CHOP) contributes to retinal ganglion cell somal loss but not axonal degeneration in DBA/2J mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia J. Marola ◽  
Stephanie B. Syc-Mazurek ◽  
Richard T. Libby
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Glaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Chronic ocular hypertension, an important risk factor for glaucoma, leads to RGC axonal injury at the optic nerve head. This insult triggers molecularly distinct cascades governing RGC somal apoptosis and axonal degeneration. The molecular mechanisms activated by ocular hypertensive insult that drive both RGC somal apoptosis and axonal degeneration are incompletely understood. The cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and induction of pro-apoptotic DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3, also known as CHOP) have been implicated as drivers of neurodegeneration in many disease models, including glaucoma. RGCs express DDIT3 after glaucoma-relevant insults, and importantly, DDIT3 has been shown to contribute to both RGC somal apoptosis and axonal degeneration after acute induction of ocular hypertension. However, the role of DDIT3 in RGC somal and axonal degeneration has not been critically tested in a model of age-related chronic ocular hypertension. Here, we investigated the role of DDIT3 in glaucomatous RGC death using an age-related, naturally occurring ocular hypertensive mouse model of glaucoma, DBA/2J mice (D2). To accomplish this, a null allele of Ddit3 was backcrossed onto the D2 background. Homozygous Ddit3 deletion did not alter gross retinal or optic nerve head morphology, nor did it change the ocular hypertensive profile of D2 mice. In D2 mice, Ddit3 deletion conferred mild protection to RGC somas, but did not significantly prevent RGC axonal degeneration. Together, these data suggest that DDIT3 plays a minor role in perpetuating RGC somal apoptosis caused by chronic ocular hypertension-induced axonal injury, but does not significantly contribute to distal axonal degeneration.

Influence of Nifedipine on the Visual Fields of Patients with Optic-Nerve-Head Diseases

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z. Gaspar ◽  
J. Flammer ◽  
PH. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Glaucoma Patient ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Channel Blockers

Calcium-channel blockers have long been employed in coronary disease, and recent investigations have indicated their efficacy in improving the visual field in low-tension glaucoma or presumed vasospasm, possibly by enhancing ocular circulation. We evaluated the short-term influence of a typical calcium-channel blocker, nifedipine, on 59 patients with visual-field defects, some with optic-nerve-head pathology (n = 38) and some with normal-appearing optic nerve heads (n = 21). On the average, a statistically significant improvement of 1.2 dB was observed. Different types of patients, however, behaved quite differently. The younger the patient, the greater the improvement. Patients with normal optic nerve heads improved by 1.54 dB, whereas patients with optic-nerve-head excavation improved by only 0.66 dB. No response was observed in patients with anterior ischemic neuropathy. Marked deterioration was noted in one glaucoma patient with low systemic blood pressure. The visual-field changes were observed in the scotomatous and non-scotomatous areas. Thus, the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine can be effective in some selected diseases whose pathogenesis probably involves vascular dysregulation though it may even be contraindicated in others

scholarly journals Assessment of Glaucomatous Damage After Boston Keratoprosthesis Implantation Based on Digital Planimetric Quantification of Visual Fields and Optic Nerve Head Imaging

Cornea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin H. Ali ◽  
Mark S. Dikopf ◽  
Anthony G. Finder ◽  
Ahmad A. Aref ◽  
Thasarat Vajaranant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Glaucomatous Damage ◽  
Boston Keratoprosthesis

scholarly journals Ocular hypertension suppresses homeostatic gene expression in optic nerve head microglia of DBA/2 J mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Tribble ◽  
Jeffrey M. Harder ◽  
Pete A. Williams ◽  
Simon W. M. John
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Optic Nerve Head

Hyperemic responses of the optic nerve head blood flow to chromatic equiluminant flicker are reduced by ocular hypertension and early glaucoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 061706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Falsini ◽  
Charles E. Riva ◽  
Tommaso Salgarello ◽  
Eric Logean ◽  
Alberto Colotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Early Glaucoma

scholarly journals Bioinformatic and statistical analysis of the optic nerve head in a primate model of ocular hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S Kompass ◽  
Olga A Agapova ◽  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Paul L Kaufman ◽  
Carol A Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Primate Model

scholarly journals The new advantages and perspectives of Latanoprost (Xalatan, Pfizer, USA) treatment in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Nataliya Ivanovna Kurysheva
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma ◽  
First Choice ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The purpose of this study was to compare Latanoprost and Timolol therapeutic activity in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG). Forty patients with moderate PEG aged from 62 до 78 were enrolled. The one year treatment included the instillation of one drop of Latanoprost 0.005 % once a day (20 patients) and Timololmaleat 0.5 % twice a day (20 patients). The IOP reduction rate in six months was 22 % and 17 % respectively for Latanoprost and Timolol and in twelve months — 17 % and 13 % respectively. The improvement of visual fields and morphometric parameters in Latanoprost group was observed in twelve months: the changes of perimetric indexes from –5.8 ± 0.23 dB to –4.6±1.18 dB (MD) and from 7.3 ± 0.19 dB to 3.8 ± 0.14 dB (PSD); the cup volume of optic nerve head was reduced significantly: from 0.31 ± 0.13 мм3 to 0.21 ± 0.15 мм3. In contrast to this in Timolol group the parameters have become worse: for rim volume this change was: from 0.25 ± 0.14 мм3 до 0.19 ± 0.08 мм3 and for perimetric indexMD: from 5.30.13 dB to 7.8 ± 0.35 dB. We concluded that Latanoprostmay be recommended as the first choice therapy in PEG.

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