scholarly journals Spurious correlations in research on the effects of specific cognitive abilities

2022 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 111417
Author(s):  
Kimmo Sorjonen ◽  
Bo Melin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

The Validity of Specific Cognitive Abilities for the Prediction of Training Success in Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Goertz ◽  
Ute R. Hülsheger ◽  
Günter W. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Occupational Category ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Training Success ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Better Than

General mental ability (GMA) has long been considered one of the best predictors of training success and considerably better than specific cognitive abilities (SCAs). Recently, however, researchers have provided evidence that SCAs may be of similar importance for training success, a finding supporting personnel selection based on job-related requirements. The present meta-analysis therefore seeks to assess validities of SCAs for training success in various occupations in a sample of German primary studies. Our meta-analysis (k = 72) revealed operational validities between ρ = .18 and ρ = .26 for different SCAs. Furthermore, results varied by occupational category, supporting a job-specific benefit of SCAs.

Operating Characteristics of the neurobehavioral cognitive Status Exam Using Neuropsychological Assessment as the Criterion

Assessment ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Karzmark
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

This study examined the performance characteristics of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (NCSE) using comprehensive neuropsychological assessment as the criterion. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for the NCSE as a whole and for the individual subtests as measures of discrete cognitive abilities. The sample consisted of 50 consecutive outpatient referrals to the neuropsychological assessment service of a general medical hospital. Most of the patients in the sample had mild or moderate cognitive dysfunction. The sensitivity and specificity of the NCSE as a whole were .74 and .86, respectively. The sensitivity of the individual NCSE subtests was lower, ranging from .20 to .48. Specificity of subtests was high (.64 to .97). The results suggest that the operating characteristics of the NCSE depend significantly on the severity and nature of the sample assessed and the criterion used. They also indicate the need for caution in using NCSE subtest performance as a basis for concluding that specific cognitive abilities are normal.

16. APOE polymorphism affects specific cognitive abilities among non demented elderly subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Montesanto ◽  
S. De Blasi ◽  
C. Martino ◽  
A.C. Bruni ◽  
G. Passarino
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Apoe Polymorphism ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

Specific Cognitive Abilities at Work

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krumm ◽  
Lothar Schmidt-Atzert ◽  
Anastasiya A. Lipnevich
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

Recent findings suggest that the role of specific cognitive abilities in predicting work-related criteria may be critical and may add to the widely demonstrated importance of general mental ability. To summarize and organize these findings, the current paper puts forward two perspectives on the role of specific cognitive abilities in predicting work-related outcomes. Similarities and discrepancies of these perspectives are outlined together with suggestions for boundary conditions of the dominance of general versus specific cognitive abilities. Finally, avenues for future research within and across the two perspectives are discussed.

PROGRAMMABLE REVERSE ENGINEERING

1994 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 501-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT R. TILLEY ◽  
KENNY WONG ◽  
MARGARET-ANNE D. STOREY ◽  
HAUSI A. MÜLLER
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Graph Layout ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Program Understanding ◽  
As Graph ◽  
Scripting Language ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

Program understanding can be enhanced using reverse engineering technologies. The understanding process is heavily dependent on both individuals and their specific cognitive abilities, and on the set of facilities provided by the program understanding environment. Unfortunately, most reverse engineering tools provide a fixed palette of extraction, selection, and organization techniques. This paper describes a programmable approach to reverse engineering. The approach uses a scripting language that enables users to write their own routines for common reverse engineering activities, such as graph layout, metrics, and subsystem decomposition, thereby extending the capabilities of the reverse engineering toolset to better suit their needs. A programmable environment supported by this approach subsumes existing reverse engineering systems by being able to simulate facets of each one.

Longitudinal Prediction of Specific Cognitive Abilities from Infant Novelty Preference

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Thompson ◽  
Joseph F. Fagan ◽  
David W. Fulker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Novelty Preference ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

A Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Cognitive Abilities during the Second Half of the Life Span

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Pedersen ◽  
R. Plomin ◽  
J.R. Nesselroade ◽  
G.E. McClearn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Early Age ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Data

Little is known about the importance of genetic effects on individual differences in cognitive abilities late in life. We present the first report from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) for cognitive data, including general cognitive ability and 13 tests of specific cognitive abilities. The adoption/twin design consists of identical twins separated at an early age and reared apart (46 pairs), identical twins reared together (67 pairs), fraternal twins reared apart (100 pairs), and fraternal twins reared together (89 pairs); average age was 65 years. Heritability of general cognitive ability in these twins was much higher (about 80%) than estimates typically found earlier in life (about 50%). Consistent with the literature, heritabilities of specific cognitive abilities were lower than the heritability of general cognitive ability but nonetheless substantial. Average heritabilities for verbal, spatial, perceptual speed, and memory tests were, respectively, 58%, 46%, 58%, and 38%.

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