Estimating and optimizing wellbore pressure during primary cementing in low pressure and leakage formations

Author(s):  
Mou Yang ◽  
Hao Luo ◽  
Rongxuan Xie ◽  
Pengcheng Wu ◽  
Mingzheng Yang ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
L.H. Bolz ◽  
D.H. Reneker

The attack, on the surface of a polymer, by the atomic, molecular and ionic species that are created in a low pressure electrical discharge in a gas is interesting because: 1) significant interior morphological features may be revealed, 2) dielectric breakdown of polymeric insulation on high voltage power distribution lines involves the attack on the polymer of such species created in a corona discharge, 3) adhesive bonds formed between polymer surfaces subjected to such SDecies are much stronger than bonds between untreated surfaces, 4) the chemical modification of the surface creates a reactive surface to which a thin layer of another polymer may be bonded by glow discharge polymerization.


Author(s):  
Gert Ehrlich

The field ion microscope, devised by Erwin Muller in the 1950's, was the first instrument to depict the structure of surfaces in atomic detail. An FIM image of a (111) plane of tungsten (Fig.l) is typical of what can be done by this microscope: for this small plane, every atom, at a separation of 4.48Å from its neighbors in the plane, is revealed. The image of the plane is highly enlarged, as it is projected on a phosphor screen with a radius of curvature more than a million times that of the sample. Müller achieved the resolution necessary to reveal individual atoms by imaging with ions, accommodated to the object at a low temperature. The ions are created at the sample surface by ionization of an inert image gas (usually helium), present at a low pressure (< 1 mTorr). at fields on the order of 4V/Å.


Nature ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ball
Keyword(s):  

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-950
Author(s):  
I. Grenier ◽  
V. Massereau ◽  
A. Celerier ◽  
J. Machet

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR8) ◽  
pp. Pr8-395-Pr8-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Armas ◽  
M. de Icaza Herrera ◽  
C. Combescure ◽  
F. Sibieude ◽  
D. Thenegal

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