The paper analyzes the physical, mechanical and relaxation properties of the polychlortrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) - modified nanodispersed graphite (TEG) system. It has been shown that the modification of the surface of conducting carbon nanoplates with ultradispersed dielectric silicon dioxide (SiO2) (30%) leads to a nontrivial effect - an increase in the electrical conductivity of the PCTFE - 2.5% TEG/30% SiO2 composite by more than two orders of magnitude in comparison with the PCTFE - TEG composites, containing unmodified carbon nanoplates.
The functionalization of carbon nanoplates was carried out by treating the particle surface with an active solution of chlorosilane in an organic solvent, that in case of hydrophobization of the filler surface, leads to an increase in the system percolation threshold. It is shown that the method of hydrolyzation of the filler surface can be highly effective due to a directed change in some, in particular, shielding, properties of polymer composites based on nanocarbon.
It is established that the modification of the nanofiller (dispersed thermoexpanded graphite) increases the intermolecular interaction of the filler-matrix. Depending on the concentration of the filler, the structure of the matrix and the system as a whole demonstrates dynamic transformations in the size of the heterogeneity of the structure.
Ultrasonic studies of composites have shown that the smallest size of structure inhomogeneity is achieved in the range of concentrations of percolation development, and the change in the size of system structure inhomogeneity is associated with the transition from inhomogeneity as the size of crystallites activated by nanofiller at low concentrations associated with coagulation of nanoparticles at concentrations exceeding the percolation threshold.
Thus, in the case of nanofillers, it is impractical to use concentrations that significantly exceed the percolation threshold, as this leads to coagulation of the filler particles and the relative loosening of the matrix.