Soybean mosaic virus helper component-protease enhances somatic embryo production and stabilizes transgene expression in soybean

AbstractTo determine the optimal embryogenic capacity (somatic embryo production) of the selected elite nematode-resistant genotypes of Pinus thunbergii, variables such as embryogenic tissue (ET) morphology, maternal genotype, proliferation rate and tissue age were analyzed. ET morphology and histological evaluation of the proliferation stage showed a decrease in filamentous clump and protuberant surfaces and a decline in the acetocarmine-staining area, which indicates a decrease in somatic embryo production (SEP). Variations in cell physiology during the proliferation stage showed that SEP was positively correlated with soluble sugars and proteins, but negatively correlated with starch, peroxidase, and superoxidase. In addition, SEP was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by maternal genotype, tissue age and proliferation rate. Moreover, SEP was positively correlated with proliferation rate (r = 0.98, p < 0.001), but negatively correlated with tissue age (r = − 0.95, p < 0.001). In general, the results suggest that SEP could be assessed in ET proliferation stages by the apparent cell morphology, histology, proliferation rate and tissue age, which provides novel insights for evaluating the ET maturation capacity (number of somatic embryos) during the proliferation stage of P. thunbergii somatic embryogenesis.

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Screening of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes for somatic embryo production from immature embryo.

Ikushugaku zasshi ◽

10.1270/jsbbs1951.40.249 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 249-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Takao KOMATSUDA ◽

Su-Wan KO

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Somatic Embryo ◽

Immature Embryo ◽

Embryo Production ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Somatic Embryo Production

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OPTIMIZING SECONDARY SOMATIC EMBRYO PRODUCTION IN ENGLISH WALNUT (Juglans regia L.)

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2001.544.25 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. Tang ◽

Z. Ren ◽

G. Reustle ◽

G. Krczal

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryo ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Embryo Production ◽

Secondary Somatic Embryo ◽

English Walnut ◽

Somatic Embryo Production

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Induction of somatic embryogenesis in soybean: physicochemical factors influencing the development of somatic embryos

Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1590/s1415-47572000000400027 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 865-868 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gisele Aparecida Bonacin ◽

Antonio Orlando Di Mauro ◽

Roberto Carlos de Oliveira ◽

Dilermando Perecin

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryo ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Ph Value ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Embryo Production ◽

Light Intensities ◽

Immature Cotyledons ◽

Auxin Concentration ◽

Somatic Embryo Production

The embryogenic capability of five soybean cultivars (Renascença, IAS-5, IAC-17, BR-16 and FT-Cometa) was studied at different auxin concentrations (8, 10 and 12 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid, NAA), at different pHs (5.8 and 7.0) and at low (8-12 muEm-2 s-1) and high (27-33 mEm-2 s-1) light intensities. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Immature cotyledons 4-6 mm in length were placed in the six induction mediums evaluated and submitted to two light intensities. Twenty immature cotyledons per cultivar were placed on each Petri dish, which was considered to be one replication. The number of somatic embryos per treatment per replication was counted. The results showed genotype influence on somatic embryogenic capability of each cultivar, with the most embryogenic cultivars being BR-16, FT-Cometa and IAS-5. Auxin concentration and pH value also influenced somatic embryo production, with 10 mg/l NAA being the best auxin concentration and 7.0 the best pH value. The interactions cultivar x auxin, auxin x pH and pH x light were significant, while other double interactions were not. All triple and quadruple interactions were significant, except cultivar x pH x light. No significant differences in somatic embryo production were observed in medium with different pHs or when the Petri dishes containing immature cotyledons were exposed to the two light intensities evaluated. However, a higher number of somatic embryos was produced when the medium pH was adjusted to 7.0.

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Pseudomonas syringae Effector avrB Confers Soybean Cultivar-Specific Avirulence on Soybean mosaic virus Adapted for Transgene Expression but Effector avrPto Does Not

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-19-0304 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 304-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Li Wang ◽

Alan Eggenberger ◽

John Hill ◽

Adam J. Bogdanove

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Transgene Expression ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽

Hypersensitive Reaction ◽

Green Fluorescent Protein Gene ◽

Avirulence Genes ◽

Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽

Viral Movement

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) was adapted for transgene expression in soybean and used to examine the function of avirulence genes avrB and avrPto of Pseudomonas syringae pvs. glycinea and tomato, respectively. A cloning site was introduced between the P1 and HC-Pro genes in 35S-driven infectious cDNAs of strains SMV-N and SMV-G7. Insertion of the uidA gene or the green fluorescent protein gene into either modified cDNA and bombardment into primary leaves resulted in systemic expression that reflected the pattern of viral movement into uninoculated leaves. Insertion of avrB blocked symptom development and detectable viral movement in cv. Harosoy, which carries the Rpg1-b resistance gene corresponding to avrB, but not in cvs. Keburi or Hurrelbrink, which lack Rpg1-b. In Keburi and Hurrelbrink, symptoms caused by SMV carrying avrB appeared more quickly and were more severe than those caused by the virus without avrB. Insertion of avrPto enhanced symptoms in Harosoy, Hurrelbrink, and Keburi. This result was unexpected because avrPto was reported to confer avirulence on P. syringae pv. glycinea inoculated to Harosoy. We inoculated Harosoy with P. syringae pv. glycinea expressing avrPto, but observed no hypersensitive reaction, avrPto-dependent induction of pathogenesis-related protein 1a, or limitation of bacterial population growth. In Hurrelbrink, avrPto enhanced bacterial multiplication and exacerbated symptoms. Our results establish SMV as an expression vector for soybean. They demonstrate that resistance triggered by avrB is effective against SMV, and that avrB and avrPto have general virulence effects in soybean. The results also led to a reevaluation of the reported avirulence activity of avrPto in this plant.

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