scholarly journals Pseudomonas syringae Effector avrB Confers Soybean Cultivar-Specific Avirulence on Soybean mosaic virus Adapted for Transgene Expression but Effector avrPto Does Not

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Alan Eggenberger ◽  
John Hill ◽  
Adam J. Bogdanove
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein Gene ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Viral Movement

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) was adapted for transgene expression in soybean and used to examine the function of avirulence genes avrB and avrPto of Pseudomonas syringae pvs. glycinea and tomato, respectively. A cloning site was introduced between the P1 and HC-Pro genes in 35S-driven infectious cDNAs of strains SMV-N and SMV-G7. Insertion of the uidA gene or the green fluorescent protein gene into either modified cDNA and bombardment into primary leaves resulted in systemic expression that reflected the pattern of viral movement into uninoculated leaves. Insertion of avrB blocked symptom development and detectable viral movement in cv. Harosoy, which carries the Rpg1-b resistance gene corresponding to avrB, but not in cvs. Keburi or Hurrelbrink, which lack Rpg1-b. In Keburi and Hurrelbrink, symptoms caused by SMV carrying avrB appeared more quickly and were more severe than those caused by the virus without avrB. Insertion of avrPto enhanced symptoms in Harosoy, Hurrelbrink, and Keburi. This result was unexpected because avrPto was reported to confer avirulence on P. syringae pv. glycinea inoculated to Harosoy. We inoculated Harosoy with P. syringae pv. glycinea expressing avrPto, but observed no hypersensitive reaction, avrPto-dependent induction of pathogenesis-related protein 1a, or limitation of bacterial population growth. In Hurrelbrink, avrPto enhanced bacterial multiplication and exacerbated symptoms. Our results establish SMV as an expression vector for soybean. They demonstrate that resistance triggered by avrB is effective against SMV, and that avrB and avrPto have general virulence effects in soybean. The results also led to a reevaluation of the reported avirulence activity of avrPto in this plant.

Soybean mosaic virus helper component-protease enhances somatic embryo production and stabilizes transgene expression in soybean

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoun-Sub Lim ◽  
Tae-Seok Ko ◽  
Kris N. Lambert ◽  
Hong-Gi Kim ◽  
Schuyler S. Korban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Somatic Embryo Production

STEM-TIP NECROSIS: A HYPERSENSITIVE, TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT DOMINANT GENE REACTION OF SOYBEAN TO INFECTION BY SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. TU ◽  
R. I. BUZZELL
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Glycine Max L

A stem tip necrosis (STN) disease observed in the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar Columbia and some of its progeny was studied as to causal agent and the genetic basis for the STN reaction. A virus was isolated which is similar to the ATCC type strain of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), based on the particle morphology and differential host series. Harosoy, although susceptible to SMV, does not develop STN. A line (0X686) pure-breeding for STN was derived from an F2 plant of Columbia × Harosoy. When seedlings of 0X686 were inoculated with SMV they developed typical STN. In the backcross of 0X686 to Harosoy, the BC1F2 progeny segregated in a ratio of 3 STN:1 normal in both the cross and the reciprocal indicating the effect of a nuclear-inherited, dominant gene. This gene appears to be a gene for resistance which results in a severe hypersensitive reaction of the stem tip to systemic SMV. The development of STN in 0X686 was shown to be temperature dependent. At 20 and 24 °C, the majority of the inoculated plants developed STN. At 28 and 32 °C, nearly all the inoculated plants developed typical mosaic symptoms but few had STN.Key words: Soybean, soybean mosaic virus, tip necrosis, hypersensitivity, temperature-dependent, dominant gene

scholarly journals Descrição, produtividade e estabilidade da cultivar de soja IAC-23, resistente a insetos

Bragantia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Albino Coelho de Miranda ◽  
Nelson Raimundo Braga ◽  
André Luiz Lourenção ◽  
Fernando Toledo Santos de Miranda ◽  
Sandra Helena Unêda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Diaporthe Phaseolorum

A cultivar de soja IAC-23 foi obtida pelo método genealógico modificado, a partir do cruzamento BR-6 X IAC 83-23, tendo sido avaliada com a designação IAC 93-345, em 14 ambientes, nos Estados de São Paulo e de Minas Gerais. Os ensaios finais foram desenvolvidos em Conceição das Alagoas (MG), Mococa (SP) e Campinas (SP), em 1994/95; em Conceição das Alagoas, Campinas, Morro Agudo (SP) e Tarumã (SP) em 1995/96; Conceição das Alagoas, Mococa, Campinas, Morro Agudo, Tarumã e Ribeirão Preto (SP), em 1996/97; e em Campinas em 1998/99. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Em semeaduras de novembro, esse cultivar precoce, com período juvenil longo, floresceu aos 43 dias, após a semeadura, e suas plantas atingiram 67 cm de estatura. A duração entre a emergência das plântulas e o estádio de maturação (R-8) foi de 106 dias, dentro do grupo de maturação precoce. O rendimento médio de grãos foi de 3.017 kg.ha-1. As plantas na maturação apresentam pubescência marrom e sementes amarelas com hilo marrom. Essa cultivar apresenta resistência às doenças pústula-bacteriana (Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines), fogo-selvagem (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci), cancro-da-haste (Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis) e mancha-café ("soybean mosaic virus", SMV). Apresenta também resistência a insetos mastigadores e sugadores, semelhante à cultivar IAC-17 e superior à IAS-5. A produtividade e estabilidade apresentadas pela cultivar IAC-23 sugerem sua indicação para condições edafoclimáticas similares às dos experimentos realizados.

scholarly journals Downregulation of the NbNACa1 Gene Encoding a Movement-Protein-Interacting Protein Reduces Cell-to-Cell Movement of Brome mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kaido ◽  
Yosuke Inoue ◽  
Yoshika Takeda ◽  
Kazuhiko Sugiyama ◽  
Atsushi Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Microprojectile Bombardment ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Brome Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Movement

The 3a movement protein (MP) plays a central role in the movement of the RNA plant virus, Brome mosaic virus (BMV). To identify host factor genes involved in viral movement, a cDNA library of Nicotiana benthamiana, a systemic host for BMV, was screened with far-Western blotting using a recombinant BMV MP as probe. One positive clone encoded a protein with sequence similarity to the α chain of nascent-polypeptide-associated complex from various organisms, which is proposed to contribute to the fidelity of translocation of newly synthesized proteins. The orthologous gene from N. benthamiana was designated NbNACa1. The binding of NbNACa1 to BMV MP was confirmed in vivo with an agroinfiltration-immunoprecipitation assay. To investigate the involvement of NbNACa1 in BMV multiplication, NbNACa1-silenced (GSNAC) transgenic N. benthamiana plants were produced. Downregulation of NbNACa1 expression reduced virus accumulation in inoculated leaves but not in protoplasts. A microprojectile bombardment assay to monitor BMV-MP-assisted viral movement demonstrated reduced virus spread in GSNAC plants. The localization to the cell wall of BMV MP fused to green fluorescent protein was delayed in GSNAC plants. From these results, we propose that NbNACa1 is involved in BMV cell-to-cell movement through the regulation of BMV MP localization to the plasmodesmata.

scholarly journals Engineering a Decoy Substrate in Soybean to Enable Recognition of the Soybean Mosaic Virus NIa Protease

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Helm ◽  
Mingsheng Qi ◽  
Shayan Sarkar ◽  
Haiyue Yu ◽  
Steven A. Whitham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cell Death Response ◽  
Arabidopsis Protein ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Nia Protease

In Arabidopsis, recognition of the AvrPphB effector protease from Pseudomonas syringae is mediated by the disease resistance (R) protein RPS5, which is activated by AvrPphB-induced cleavage of the Arabidopsis protein kinase PBS1. The recognition specificity of RPS5 can be altered by substituting the AvrPphB cleavage site within PBS1 with cleavage sequences for other proteases, including proteases from viruses. AvrPphB also activates defense responses in soybean (Glycine max), suggesting that soybean may contain an R protein analogous to RPS5. It was unknown, however, whether this response is mediated by cleavage of a soybean PBS1-like protein. Here, we show that soybean contains three PBS1 orthologs and that their products are cleaved by AvrPphB. Further, transient expression of soybean PBS1 derivatives containing a five-alanine insertion at their AvrPphB cleavage sites activated cell death in soybean protoplasts, demonstrating that soybean likely contains an AvrPphB-specific resistance protein that is activated by a conformational change in soybean PBS1 proteins. Significantly, we show that a soybean PBS1 decoy protein modified to contain a cleavage site for the soybean mosaic virus (SMV) NIa protease triggers cell death in soybean protoplasts when cleaved by this protease, indicating that the PBS1 decoy approach will work in soybean, using endogenous PBS1 genes. Lastly, we show that activation of the AvrPphB-dependent cell death response effectively inhibits systemic spread of SMV in soybean. These data also indicate that decoy engineering may be feasible in other crop plant species that recognize AvrPphB protease activity.

scholarly journals Engineering a decoy substrate in soybean to enable recognition of the Soybean Mosaic Virus NIa protease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Helm ◽  
Mingsheng Qi ◽  
Shayan Sarkar ◽  
Haiyue Yu ◽  
Steven A. Whitham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cell Death Response ◽  
Arabidopsis Protein ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Nia Protease

In Arabidopsis, recognition of the AvrPphB effector protease from Pseudomonas syringae is mediated by the disease resistance (R) protein RPS5, which is activated by AvrPphB-induced cleavage of the Arabidopsis protein kinase PBS1. The recognition specificity of RPS5 can be altered by substituting the AvrPphB cleavage site within PBS1 with cleavage sequences for other proteases, including proteases from viruses. AvrPphB also activates defense responses in soybean (Glycine max), suggesting that soybean may contain an R protein analogous to RPS5. It was unknown, however, whether this response is mediated by cleavage of a soybean PBS1-like protein. Here we show that soybean contains three PBS1 orthologs and that their products are cleaved by AvrPphB. Further, transient expression of soybean PBS1 derivatives containing a five-alanine insertion at their AvrPphB cleavage sites activated cell death in soybean protoplasts, demonstrating that soybean likely contains an AvrPphB-specific resistance protein that is activated by a conformational change in soybean PBS1 proteins. Significantly, we show that a soybean PBS1 decoy protein modified to contain a cleavage site for the Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) NIa protease triggers cell death in soybean protoplasts when cleaved by this protease, indicating that the PBS1 decoy approach will work in soybean using endogenous PBS1 genes. Lastly, we show that activation of the AvrPphB-dependent cell death response effectively inhibits systemic spread of SMV in soybean. These data also indicate that decoy engineering may be feasible in other crop plant species that recognize AvrPphB protease activity.

scholarly journals Optimizing the PBS1 Decoy System to Confer Resistance to Potyvirus Infection in Arabidopsis and Soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 932-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Pottinger ◽  
Aurelie Bak ◽  
Alexandra Margets ◽  
Matthew Helm ◽  
Lucas Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cell Death Response ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Nia Protease

The Arabidopsis resistance protein RPS5 is activated by proteolytic cleavage of the protein kinase PBS1 by the Pseudomonas syringae effector protease AvrPphB. We have previously shown that replacing seven amino acids at the cleavage site of PBS1 with a motif cleaved by the NIa protease of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) enables RPS5 activation upon TuMV infection. However, this engineered resistance conferred a trailing necrosis phenotype indicative of a cell-death response too slow to contain the virus. We theorized this could result from a positional mismatch within the cell between PBS1TuMV, RPS5, and the NIa protease. To test this, we relocalized PBS1TuMV and RPS5 to cellular sites of NIa accumulation. These experiments revealed that relocation of RPS5 away from the plasma membrane compromised RPS5-dependent cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, even though PBS1 was efficiently cleaved. As an alternative approach, we tested whether overexpression of plasma membrane–localized PBS1TuMV could enhance RPS5 activation by TuMV. Significantly, overexpressing the PBS1TuMV decoy protein conferred complete resistance to TuMV when delivered by either agrobacterium or by aphid transmission, showing that RPS5-mediated defense responses are effective against bacterial and viral pathogens. Lastly, we have now extended this PBS1 decoy approach to soybean by modifying a soybean PBS1 ortholog to be cleaved by the NIa protease of soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Transgenic overexpression of this soybean PBS1 decoy conferred immunity to SMV, demonstrating that we can use endogenous PBS1 proteins in crop plants to engineer economically relevant disease resistant traits.

scholarly journals Optimizing the PBS1 Decoy System to Confer Resistance to Potyvirus Infection in Arabidopsis and Soybean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Pottinger ◽  
Aurelie Bak ◽  
Alexandra Margets ◽  
Matthew Helm ◽  
Lucas Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cell Death Response ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Nia Protease

ABSTRACTThe Arabidopsis resistance protein RPS5 is activated by proteolytic cleavage of the protein kinase PBS1 by the Pseudomonas syringae effector protease AvrPphB. We have previously shown that replacing seven amino acids at the cleavage site of PBS1 with a motif cleaved by the NIa protease of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) enables RPS5 activation upon TuMV infection. However, this engineered resistance conferred a trailing necrosis phenotype indicative of a cell death response too slow to contain the virus. We theorized this could result from a positional mismatch within the cell between PBS1TuMV, RPS5 and the NIa protease. To test this, we re-localized PBS1TuMV and RPS5 to cellular sites of NIa accumulation. These experiments revealed that relocation of RPS5 away from the plasma membrane compromised RPS5-dependent cell death in N. benthamiana, even though PBS1 was efficiently cleaved. As an alternative approach, we tested whether overexpression of plasma membrane-localized PBS1TuMV would enhance RPS5 activation by TuMV. Significantly, over-expressing the PBS1TuMV decoy protein conferred complete resistance to TuMV when delivered by either Agrobacterium or by aphid transmission, showing that RPS5-mediated defense responses are effective against bacterial and viral pathogens. Lastly, we have now extended this PBS1 decoy approach to soybean by modifying a soybean PBS1 ortholog to be cleaved by the NIa protease of soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Transgenic overexpression of this soybean PBS1 decoy conferred immunity to SMV, demonstrating that we can use endogenous PBS1 proteins in crop plants to engineer economically relevant disease resistant traits.

Evaluation of germ plasm for resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Wuye Ria Andayanie
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yields

Soybean superior varieties with high yields and are resistant to abiotic stress have been largely released, although some varieties grown in the field are not resistant to SMV. In addition, the opportunity to obtain lines of hope as prospective varieties with high yield and resistance to SMV is very small. The method for evaluating soybean germplasm is based on serological observations of 98 accessions of leaf samples from SMV inoculation with T isolate. The evaluation results of 98 accessions based on visual observations showed 31 genotypes reacting very resistant or healthy to mild resistant category to SMV T isolate  with a percentage of symptom severity of 0 −30 %. Among 31 genotypes there are 2 genotypes (PI 200485; M8Grb 44; Mlg 3288) with the category of visually very resistant and resistant, respectively and  Mlg 3288  with the category of mild resistant.  They have a good agronomic appearance with a weight of 100 seeds (˃10 g) and react negatively with polyclonal antibodies to SMV, except Mlg 3288 reaction is not consistent, despite the weight of 100 seeds (˃ 10 g). Leaf samples from 98 accessions revealed various symptoms of SMV infection in the field. This diversity of symptoms is caused by susceptibility to accession, when infection occurs, and environmental factors. Keywords—: soybean; genotipe; Soybean mosaic virus (SMV); disease severity; polyclonal  antibody

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