The potential role of PR-8 gene of apple fruit in the mode of action of the yeast antagonist, Candida oleophila, in postharvest biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Michael Wisniewski ◽  
Timothy Artlip ◽  
Yuan Sui ◽  
Samir Droby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Candida Oleophila ◽  
Yeast Antagonist

scholarly journals Enhancement of Postharvest Biocontrol Activity of the Yeast Candida oleophila by Overexpression of Lytic Enzymes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Droby ◽  
Michael Wisniewski ◽  
Martin Goldway ◽  
Wojciech Janisiewicz ◽  
Charles Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Candida Oleophila ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Yeast Antagonist

Enhancing the activity of biocontrol agents could be the most important factor in their success in controlling fruit disease and their ultimate acceptance in commercial disease management. Direct manipulation of a biocontrol agent resulting in enhancement of diseases control could be achieved by using recent advances in molecular biology techniques. The objectives of this project were to isolate genes from yeast species that were used as postharvest biocontrol agents against postharvest diseases and to determine their role in biocontrol efficacy. The emphasis was to be placed on the yeast, Candida oleophila, which was jointly discovered and developed in our laboratories, and commercialized as the product, Aspire. The general plan was to develop a transformation system for C . oleophila and either knockout or overexpress particular genes of interest. Additionally, biochemical characterization of the lytic peptides was conducted in the wild-type and transgenic isolates. In addition to developing a better understanding of the mode of action of the yeast biocontrol agents, it was also our intent to demonstrate the feasibility of enhancing biocontrol activity via genetic enhancement of yeast with genes known to code for proteins with antimicrobial activity. Major achievements are: 1) Characterization of extracellular lytic enzymes produced by the yeast biocontrol agent Candida oleophila; 2) Development of a transformation system for Candida oleophila; 3) Cloning and analysis of C.oleophila glucanase gene; 4) Overexpression of and knockout of C. oleophila glucanase gene and evaluating its role in the biocontrol activity of C. oleophila; 5) Characterization of defensin gene and its expression in the yeast Pichiapastoris; 6) Cloning and Analysis of Chitinase and Adhesin Genes; 7) Characterization of the rnase secreted by C . oleophila and its inhibitory activity against P. digitatum. This project has resulted in information that enhanced our understanding of the mode of action of the yeast C . oleophila. This was important step towards enhancing the biocontrol activity of the yeast. Fungal cell wall enzymes produced by the yeast antagonist were characterized. Different substrates were identified to enhance there production in vitro. Exo-b-1, 3 glucanase, chitinase and protease production was stimulated by the presence of cell-wall fragments of Penicillium digitatum in the growing medium, in addition to glucose. A transformation system developed was used to study the role of lytic enzymes in the biocontrol activity of the yeast antagonist and was essential for genetic manipulation of C . oleqphila. After cloning and characterization of the exo-glucanase gene from the yeast, the transformation system was efficiently used to study the role of the enzyme in the biocontrol activity by over-expressing or knocking out the activity of the enzyme. At the last phase of the research (still ongoing) the transformation system is being used to study the role of chitinase gene in the mode of action. Knockout and over expression experiments are underway.

scholarly journals Botrytis cinerea Pers. in postharvest apple fruit, control with Candida oleophila Montrocher strains and/or synthetic fungicides

Nova Scientia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Guerrero Prieto ◽  
Juan Luis Jacobo Cuéllar ◽  
Rafael Ángel Parra Quezada ◽  
Marcos Iván Linares Marrufo ◽  
Damaris Leopoldina Ojeda Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fungicide Residues ◽  
Human Health Damage ◽  
Candida Oleophila ◽  
Health Damage ◽  
Average Control

As an alternative control method, to improve control and to reduce synthetic fungicide use, three Candida oleophila strains and/or four commercial synthetic fungicides were used to control Botrytis cinerea damage on postharvest apple fruit. Synthetic commercial fungicides; Cyprodinil+Fludioxonil, Thiabendazole and Benomyl, allowed Candida oleophila strains colony growth when challenged to the pressure of these fungicides. Synthetic commercial fungicide Captan did not allow any Candida oleophila strains colony growth. Control of Botrytis cinerea expressed in % of damage and damage reduction, gave an average control of; 100% for Cyprodinil+Fludioxonil; Captan, 97.5%; Thiabendazole, 94.1% and Benomyl, 93.7% All Candida oleophila strains, individually, gave a 100% control. Thiabendazole and Benomyl improved their efficiency to control Botrytis cinerea when combined with Candida oleophila. Control of Botrytis cinerea damage on postharvest Golden Delicious apple fruit can be achieved up to 100% either with Candida oleophila strains individually and/or with Cyprodinil+Fludioxonil alone. The use of Candida oleophila as an alternative method to control Botrytis cinerea damage on postharvest apple fruit means a reduction of synthetic fungicide use, plus avoiding fungicide residues on the treated apple fruit and on the environment, thus reducing the risk for human health damage. 

scholarly journals FLORAL-DERIVED VOLATILE COMPOUNDS: A ROLE IN POLLINATION?

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1128d-1128
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Thomas R. Hamilton-Kemp ◽  
John H. Loughrin
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Percent Germination

Volatile compounds, commonly produced by flowers during bloom, have been described as insect attractants. Some of these compounds stimulate Pinus pollen germination in vitro (French et al., 1979, J. Agric. Fd. Chem., 27184-187), suggesting that such compounds may do the same in vivo. Red Delicious apple pollen was germinated on agar in a simple, enclosed in vitro bioassay system in the presence of a number of plant tissues, including apple, tomato, and chrysanthemum leaves, apple flowers, rose petals, and apple fruit slices. These tissues represent a diversity of types of volatile compounds, Pollen germination was recorded by microphotography after 1 and 2 hours, and percent germination was determined. Although stimulation of germination was not observed, macerated tomato leaves inhibited it. To determine if the volatile characteristics of cultivars differ, flowers of Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apple were harvested at full bloom. Their volatiles were collected, identified, and quantitated by capillary GC-MS. Among 8 major compounds common in the two cultivars, several quantitative differences were observed. These results will be discussed in relation to the potential role of volatiles in pollen germination.

scholarly journals Potential role of Plasmodium falciparum exported protein 1 in the chloroquine mode of action

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Martin Lisewski ◽  
Joel Patrick Quiros ◽  
Monica Mittal ◽  
Nagireddy Putluri ◽  
Arun Sreekumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Exported Protein

scholarly journals Changes in Pectins in Apple Fruit during Development and Ripening

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 816A-816
Author(s):  
Jong-Pil Chun ◽  
Jae-Chang Lee ◽  
Yong-Soo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Pectin Degradation ◽  
Degree Of Esterification ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Chromatographic Evidence

Pectins isolated from three cultivars with different maturity were compared to find a potential role of pectin modification on the fruit softening during fruit development and ripening. There was an increase of total pectins in developing fruit and no significant decrease of pectins was confirmed even after storage in `Tusgaru' (30 days) and `Fuji' (120 days), whereas soluble pectins, except NaOH-soluble ones, gradually increased in all cultivars. Gel-filtration profile and ion exchange chromatographic evidence of soluble pectins revealed that pectin degradation in apple fruit may not be associated with softening. However, a degree of esterification probably has an important role on softening of fruits. Further results will be discussed in the presentation.

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