scholarly journals Effect of a speaking valve on biomechanical properties of swallowing and the upper airway flow characteristics for tracheotomized patients after acquired brain damage

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e221
Author(s):  
X. Han ◽  
Z. Dou ◽  
X. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Speaking Valve

scholarly journals Much Ado about Sleep: Current Concepts on Mechanisms and Predisposition to Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Saint-Fleur ◽  
Alexa Christophides ◽  
Prabhavathi Gummalla ◽  
Catherine Kier
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Airway Collapse ◽  
Upper Airway Collapse ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Review Current

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a form of sleep-disordered breathing characterized by upper airway collapse during sleep resulting in recurring arousals and desaturations. However, many aspects of this syndrome in children remain unclear. Understanding underlying pathogenic mechanisms of OSA is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review current concepts surrounding the mechanism, pathogenesis, and predisposing factors of pediatric OSA. Specifically, we discuss the biomechanical properties of the upper airway that contribute to its primary role in OSA pathogenesis and examine the anatomical and neuromuscular factors that predispose to upper airway narrowing and collapsibility.

Basics of Airway and Oxygen Delivery Devices

2019 ◽  
pp. 835-839
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Difficult Airway ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Patent Airway ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Facemask Ventilation

One of the greatest responsibilities in managing an airway is to maintain a continuously patent airway. Any loss of patency of the patient’s airway is critical, and if the ability to provide ventilatation is lost, brain damage can rapidly develop potentially lead to brain death. The definition of difficult airway is not standardized in the anesthesiology literature, but it has been described as the situation when “a conventionally trained anesthesiologist experiences difficulty with facemask ventilation of the upper airway, difficulty with tracheal intubation, or both”

scholarly journals Needle Tracheostomy: A Laboratory Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dobbinson ◽  
J. Whalen ◽  
D. A. Pelton ◽  
H. I. A. Nisbet ◽  
G. Volgyesi
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Transtracheal Ventilation ◽  
Tracheal Occlusion

Percutaneous needle tracheostomy and transtracheal ventilation continues to be advocated for the management of upper airway obstruction. Recent studies recommend the use of artificial ventilation. However, as apparatus for this is not always available and because there remains some doubt regarding conditions for successful use of needle tracheostomy during spontaneous respiration, we undertook such a study in dogs. Pressure-flow characteristics of short hollow needles 18–10 SWG were first determined. The smallest of these (14 SWG Bardic Intracath) that would deliver flow sufficient (by calculation) to meet the respiratory requirement of 10–13 kg laboratory dogs was selected for further study. Respiration was possible by spontaneous or artificial methods in the presence of complete tracheal occlusion. Little or no deterioration was noted in an hour of such breathing. Artificial ventilation by machine and by hand could considerably lower PaCO2. We conclude that the technique is possible provided appropriate needles are selected and care is given to their method of use.

scholarly journals Computational fluid dynamics simulation of changes in the morphology and airflow dynamics of the upper airways in OSAHS patients after treatment with oral appliances

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Baolong ◽  
Li Yibo ◽  
Sun Jianwei ◽  
Qi Yizhe ◽  
Li Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Oral Appliances ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Airway Morphology

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the changes of morphology and internal airflow in upper airways (UA) after the use of oral appliances (OAs) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and investigate the mechanisms by which OAs function as a therapy for OSAHS.MethodsEight OSAHS patients (all male, aged 37-58, mean age 46.25) underwent CT scans before and after OA use. Then, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) models were built on the base of the CT scans using Mimics and ANSYS ICEM CFD software. The internal airflow of the upper airways was simulated using ANSYS-FLUENT and the results were analyzed using ANSYS-CFD-Post. The data were analyzed to identify the most important changes of biomechanical properties between patients with and without OA intervention. Upper airway morphology and the internal airflow changes were compared using t-tests and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis.ResultsThe narrowest area of upper airways was found to be located in the lower bound of velopharynx, where the volume and pressure were statistically significantly increased (P<0.05) and the air velocity was statistically significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the presence of the OA(P<0.05). After wearing OA, pharyngeal resistance was significantly decreased (P<0.05), from 290.63 to 186.25Pa/L, and the airflow resistance of the pharynx has reduced by 35.9%.ConclusionThe enlargement of the upper airway after wearing the OA changed its airflow dynamics, which decreased the negative pressure and resistance in narrow areas of the upper airways. Thus, the collapsibility of the upper airways was reduced and patency was sustained.

Variations in Tracheobronchial Airway Morphology for Different Age Groups

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ryans ◽  
Bennett Welch ◽  
Sinjae Hyun ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Clement Kleinstreuer
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Regional Deposition ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Airway Morphology

Knowledge of the geometric characteristics of actual human tracheobronchial (TB) airways is crucial for realistic and accurate computer simulations and experimental studies. An area of particular interest is drug delivery in the respiratory system to combat various diseases, such as COPD/asthma, diabetes and certain cancers. Deposition in the upper TB region is significant because it may be related to clearance of deposited particulate matters (PM) [1] and drug-aerosol treatment for upper airway asthma such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids [2,3]. The air flow characteristics, which affect particle deposition in the lung, depend strongly upon the morphology of the respiratory system and the breathing pattern of the subject. Therefore, an accurate understanding of the lung airway morphology is a crucial first step for an accurate analysis of inhaled particle trajectories as well as local and regional deposition of PM due to the irregular and asymmetric branching pattern [4]. In this paper, the age group variations of TB morphology are evaluated using lung airway morphology data from the literature and PET/CT images of two adolescents, 4 adults, and 4 seniors.

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