Analysis and prediction of characteristics for solid product obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass components

Conversion of feather and blood from chicken slaughterhouse waste for producing solid and liquid organic fertilizer excluding composting process with a variation of the mass ratio of feather and blood of a chicken has been conducted. The nitrogen, sulfur, and iron content in the solid and liquid product of the hydrothermal carbonization process were analyzed to identify and characterize the possibility of hydrolysate as a source of nitrogen, sulfur, and iron in soil fertilizer. Feather and blood of chicken waste were introduced to a hydrothermal carbonization reactor with the addition of limestone at a temperature range of 160–170 °C for the preparation of solid and liquid organic fertilizer. According to the FTIR interpretation, the solid product had functional groups such as NH, OH, CH sp3, SH, C=O, C=C, C–O–C, and C–H aromatic. The nitrogen, sulfur, and iron content of the optimal ratio in the solid phase were 4.67%, 1.63%, and 3694.56 ppm, while their contents in the liquid fertilizer were 3.76%, 1.80%, and 221.56 ppm, respectively. The vibration of 478 cm–1 is attributed to Fe–O paramagnetic (Fe2O3) confirmed by TEM images showed the diameter size less than 20 nm indicating the presence of superparamagnetic material.

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Prediction of Hydrothermal Carbonization with Respect to the Biomass Components and Severity Factor

Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02291 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 9916-9924 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mohammad Heidari ◽

Omid Norouzi ◽

Shakirudeen Salaudeen ◽

Bishnu Acharya ◽

Animesh Dutta

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Severity Factor ◽

Biomass Components

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Hydrochar production by hydrothermal carbonization of faecal sludge

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2015.017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 439-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. Fakkaew ◽

T. Koottatep ◽

T. Pussayanavin ◽

C. Polprasert

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Empirical Model ◽

Energy Content ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Solid Concentration ◽

Volatile Solid ◽

Solid Product ◽

Technical Feasibility ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Faecal Sludge

Faecal sludge (FS) management is a serious problem in developing countries which has caused environmental pollution and health risks. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an alternative technology that can be used to treat FS and convert it into a valuable solid product called hydrochar. This study evaluated the technical feasibility of hydrochar production from FS, determined the reaction kinetics of HTC of FS, and developed an empirical model which could estimate energy content of the produced hydrochar using the relevant parameters such as temperature (T), reaction time (t), moisture content (M), and volatile solid concentration (VS) in FS. The experiments were conducted with a 1-L high pressure reactor operated at the following conditions; T of 180–250 °C, t of 0.5–10.0 h, M of 70–95%wt, and VS of 40–340 g/L, which could produce at the energy content and hydrochar yield of 17–20 MJ/kg and 65%–80%, respectively. From these experimental data, an empirical model for determining energy content of the produced hydrochar was developed and validated satisfactorily with the literature data. Feasibility of applying the HTC process for FS treatment was discussed.

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Improvement of corn stover fuel properties via hydrothermal carbonization combined with surfactant

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-019-1581-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ren Tu ◽

Yan Sun ◽

Yujian Wu ◽

Xudong Fan ◽

Jiamin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Biomass Fuel ◽

Solid Product ◽

Combustion Properties ◽

Biomass Pellet

Abstract Background Biomass fuel has been used to supply heat or crude materials in industry to replace the traditional fossil fuel which was one of the chief causes of climate warming. However, the large-scale utilization of biomass fuel was restricted due to the low density and high hydrophilicity of biomass, which causes the problem of transportation and storage. Therefore, pelletization of biomass was used to improve its fuel density. At present, the biomass pellet was widely used to supply heat, gas or electricity generation via gasification, which supplied clean and sustainable energy for industry. However, the energy consumption during pelletization and high hydrophilicity of pellets were still the problem for the large-scale application of biomass pellet. In this study, hydrothermal carbonization and surfactant played the role of permeation, adsorption and wetting in the solution, which was expected to improve the fuel properties and pelletization effectivity of corn stover. Results In the article, surfactant (PEG400, Span80, SDBS) was chosen to be combined with wet torrefaction to overcome the drawbacks and improve the pelletization and combustion properties of Corn stover (CS). Especially, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) combined with surfactant improves the yield of solid products and reduces the ash content of solid product, which was beneficial for reducing the ashes of furnace during gasification. Meanwhile, surfactant promotes the formation of pseudo-lignin and the absorption for oil with low O and high C during HTC, which improves the energy density of solid product. Furthermore, the oil in solid product plays the role of lubricant and binder, which reduces the negative effect of high energy consumption, low bulk density and weak pellets strength caused by HTC during pelletization. HTC combined with surfactant improved the hydrophobicity of pellet as well as grindability due to the modification of solid product. Moreover, surfactant combined with HTC improved the combustion characteristic of solid product such as ignition and burning temperature as well as kinetic parameters due to the bio-oil absorbed and the improvement of surface and porosity. Conclusions The study supplied a new, less-energy intensive and effective method to improve the pelletization and combustion properties of corn stover via hydrothermal carbonization combined with surfactant, and provided a promising alternative fuel from corn stover .

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Improving soil remediation through characterization

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100138300 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 386-387

Author(s):

E. C. Buck ◽

N. L. Dietz ◽

J. K. Bates

Keyword(s):

Dust Particles ◽

Radiochemical Analysis ◽

Solid Product ◽

Uranium Contamination ◽

Physical Separation ◽

X Ray ◽

Rocky Flats ◽

Remediation Strategies ◽

Bearing Materials ◽

X Ray Absorption

Operations at former weapons processing facilities in the U. S. have resulted in a large volume of radionuclidecontaminated soils and residues. In an effort to improve remediation strategies and meet environmental regulations, radionuclide-bearing particles in contaminant soils from Fernald in Ohio and the Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) in Colorado have been characterized by electron microscopy. The object of these studies was to determine the form of the contaminant radionuclide, so that it properties could be established [1]. Physical separation and radiochemical analysis determined that uranium contamination at Fernald was not present exclusively in any one size/density fraction [2]. The uranium-contamination resulted from aqueous and solid product spills, air-borne dust particles, and from the operation of an incinerator on site. At RFP the contamination was from the incineration of Pu-bearing materials. Further analysis by x-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the majority of the uranium was in the 6+ oxidation state [3].

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