Is there a common drive for buccal movements associated with buccal and lung ‘breath’ in Lithobates catesbeianus?

Two analyses are presented for determining the drive shaft speed variations in a scotch yoke mechanism. The first analysis determines the speed variations when the mechanism is rigidly connected to a motor having a quadratic speed versus torque characteristic. The second analysis determines the speed variations when the mechanism is connected to a constant speed source through a flexible coupling. Together these models represent the two most common drive configurations. The results are of practical importance since they can be used in the preliminary calculations necessary in either the design of a main drive or the diagnosis of a drive problem in an existing machine. The methods are also of theoretical importance since they may be extended to the analysis of mechanisms having a greater harmonic content than the simple scotch yoke mechanism.

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Evaluation of the effect of chlorpyrifos ethyl on survival bullfrog tadpoles “Lithobates catesbeianus”

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.255 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 259 ◽

pp. S102

Author(s):

G.E. Olivares-Flores ◽

O. Juárez-Carrillo ◽

L.N. Méndez-Alcántara ◽

D.E. García-Hernández ◽

C. Razo-Estrada

Keyword(s):

Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽

Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

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Bacillus subtilis LCBS1 supplementation and replacement of fish meal with fermented soybean meal in bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) diets: Effects on growth performance, feed digestibility and gut health

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737217 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 737217

Author(s):

Zhe Wang ◽

Manqi Yang ◽

Ling Wang ◽

Kangle Lu ◽

Kai Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Gut Health ◽

Fermented Soybean Meal ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽

Feed Digestibility

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Errors in Force Generation and Changes in Controlling Patterns Following Agonist Muscle Fatigue

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.25.4.293 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 293-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yi-Ming Huang ◽

Ya-Ju Chang ◽

Miao-Ju Hsu ◽

Chia-Ling Chen ◽

Chia-Ying Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fatigue ◽

Constant Error ◽

Antagonist Muscle ◽

Activation Level ◽

Before And After ◽

Agonist And Antagonist ◽

Common Drive ◽

The Common ◽

Possible Cause ◽

Related Increase

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether agonist muscle fatigue changed the coactivation time and the co-contraction magnitude of the agonist and antagonist muscle, and if the agonist muscle fatigue produced bias (constant error: CE) and inconsistency (variable error: VE) of the force. Subjects are 10 healthy people and one person with impaired proprioception. EMG and force for fast (0.19 ± 0.06 s) and slow (1.20 ± 0.44 s) targeted isometric dorsiflexions were recorded before and after fatigue of the dorsiflexors. The results revealed that the coactivation time increased after fatigue only in the slow contractions but the co-contraction magnitude did not change. The postfatigue increment of the CE was greater in the fast contractions than in the slow ones. We conclude that the postfatigue compensatory strategy can reduce the fatigue-induced bias. The change of muscles activation level after fatigue might be under the influence of the common drive. Impaired proprioception is a possible cause of the fatigue-related increase in bias and inconsistency.

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Nonylphenol and cyproterone acetate effects in the liver and gonads of Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura) tadpoles and juveniles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-14599-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lara Salgueiro de Gregorio ◽

Lilian Franco-Belussi ◽

Javier Goldberg ◽

Classius De Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Cyproterone Acetate ◽

Lithobates Catesbeianus

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