Impact of practice leadership management style on staff experience in services for people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour: A further examination and partial replication

Decisions are made to solve problems. In an effort to solve problems, problem solvers may make many decisions. Decisions are actions that need to be taken in solving problems to be avoided or reduced, or to take advantage of op portunities. Taking internal decisions needed Decision making to help make decisions. Among them are internal factors that influence decision making, namely: leadership, management style, creative thinking in decision making. The decision-making techniques are: Brainstorming, synetis, free association, collection list books, checklists, lists of characteristics and free imagination While the methods are: morphological analysis and Edison's method.

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Attachment disorder in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1108/amhid-09-2018-0039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arvid Nikolai Kildahl ◽

Maria Hagen Engebretsen ◽

Sissel Berge Helverschou

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Exclusion Criterion ◽

Challenging Behaviour ◽

Attachment Disorders ◽

Attachment Disorder ◽

Case Study Methodology ◽

Content Type

PurposeAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an exclusion criterion for one of the two attachment disorders in the DSM 5. However, previous findings indicate that ASD and attachment disorder are unrelated conditions and may co-occur. The purpose of this paper is to explore the diagnostic assessment of an adolescent male with ASD, intellectual disability (ID), severe challenging behaviour and a suspected attachment disorder.Design/methodology/approachCase study methodology was chosen because of its suitability in the exploration of complex clinical phenomena where prior knowledge is sparse.FindingsIt was possible to identify symptoms of attachment disorder in a case involving ASD, ID, anxiety and severe challenging behaviour. The Disturbances of Attachment Interview was particularly useful in this assessment, as was assessment of ASD symptoms and developmental history. Differentiating the two attachment disorders proved challenging.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need for further research in ASD and attachment disorders not limited by current diagnostic categories.Practical implicationsCo-occurring symptoms of attachment disorder may be identified in individuals with ASD and ID, and exploration of these symptoms in assessments of children and adolescents with ASD/ID and challenging behaviour may be beneficial.Originality/valueThe study adds to previous findings on attachment disorder in ASD, demonstrating that identification of attachment disorder is possible even in the presence of a highly complex clinical picture involving severe challenging behaviour. It may also assist other clinicians in identifying and making more accurate assessment of attachment disorder in ASD and ID.

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