scholarly journals Effect of a non-adjustable oral appliance on upper airway morphology in obstructive sleep apnoea

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sam ◽  
B. Lam ◽  
C.G. Ooi ◽  
M. Cooke ◽  
M.S. Ip
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Oral Appliance ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Airway Morphology

Upper airway morphological changes in obstructive sleep apnoea: effect of age on pharyngeal anatomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-361
Author(s):  
F Gao ◽  
Y R Li ◽  
W Xu ◽  
Y S An ◽  
H J Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Airway Morphology

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the upper airway morphology changes associated with ageing in adult Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.MethodsA total of 124 male patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea by overnight polysomnography, who underwent upper airway computed tomography, were enrolled. The linear dimensions, cross-sectional area and volume of the upper airway region and the surrounding bony frame were measured. The association between ageing and upper airway morphology was analysed.ResultsSoft palate length, minimum cross-sectional area of the retroglossal region, lateral dimensions at the minimum cross-sectional area of the retropalatal and retroglossal regions, nasopharyngeal volume, and average cross-sectional area of the nasopharyngeal region were found to significantly increase with ageing in all patients, while the upper airway shape flattened with ageing. The volume of the retropalatal region increased with ageing among the patients with a body mass index of less than 24 kg/m2. The volume of parapharyngeal fat pad increased with ageing among patients with a body mass index greater than 28 kg/m2.ConclusionA number of dimensional, cross-sectional and volumetric parameters of the pharynx increased with age, indicating that non-anatomical factors may play a more important role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea in aged patients.

Multi-level obstruction in obstructive sleep apnoea: prevalence, severity and predictive factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Q Phua ◽  
W X Yeo ◽  
C Su ◽  
P K H Mok
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Airway Morphology

AbstractObjectives:To characterise multi-level obstruction in terms of prevalence, obstructive sleep apnoea severity and predictive factors, and to collect epidemiological data on upper airway morphology in obstructive sleep apnoea patients.Methods:Retrospective review of 250 obstructive sleep apnoea patients.Results:On clinical examination, 171 patients (68.4 per cent) had multi-level obstruction, 49 (19.6 per cent) had single-level obstruction and 30 (12 per cent) showed no obstruction. Within each category of obstructive sleep apnoea severity, multi-level obstruction was more prevalent. Multi-level obstruction was associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (more than 30 events per hour) (p = 0.001). Obstructive sleep apnoea severity increased with the number of obstruction sites (correlation coefficient = 0.303, p < 0.001). Multi-level obstruction was more likely in younger (p = 0.042), male (p = 0.045) patients, with high body mass index (more than 30 kg/m2) (p < 0.001). Palatal (p = 0.004), tongue (p = 0.026) and lateral pharyngeal wall obstructions (p = 0.006) were associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea.Conclusion:Multi-level obstruction is more prevalent in obstructive sleep apnoea and is associated with increased severity. Obstruction at certain anatomical levels contributes more towards obstructive sleep apnoea severity.

Volume-pressure properties of the upper airway in normal subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnoea

Respirology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denan Wu ◽  
Wataru Hida ◽  
Yoshihiro Kikuchi ◽  
Shinichi Okabe ◽  
Hajime Kurosawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

scholarly journals P019 Obstructive sleep apnoea endotypes in people with multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A27-A28
Author(s):  
S Carter ◽  
H Hensen ◽  
A Krishnan ◽  
A Chiang ◽  
J Carberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Loop Gain ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Arousal Threshold ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Purpose Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) despite a lack of typical risk factors for OSA in people with MS such as obesity and male predominance. Therefore, underlying factors other than sex and obesity may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of OSA in people with MS. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions of OSA endotypes in people with MS and compare this to matched controls with OSA only. Methods Eleven people with MS and OSA (MS-OSA group) (apnoea-hypopnoea index [AHI]&gt;5events/h) and eleven controls matched for OSA severity, age and sex without MS (OSA group) were studied. Participants underwent a detailed overnight polysomnography with an epiglottic pressure catheter and genioglossus intramuscular electrodes to allow for quantification of pathophysiological contributors to OSA. This included the respiratory arousal threshold, genioglossus muscle responsiveness, respiratory loop gain and upper airway collapsibility. Results Measures of the four primary OSA endotypes were not different between the MS-OSA and OSA groups (e.g. NREM respiratory arousal threshold -27±15 vs. -23±8 cmH2O respectively, p=0.24). Within group analysis indicated higher loop gain in non-obese MS-OSA participants compared to obese MS-OSA participants (0.53±0.11 vs. 0.37±0.11, p=0.04). Conclusions Overall, OSA endotypes are similar between MS-OSA participants and matched OSA controls. However, within the MS-OSA group, non-obese participants have higher loop gain (unstable respiratory control) compared to obese participants. Thus, unstable respiratory control may play an important role in OSA pathogenesis in many people with MS.

Rhinological interventions for obstructive sleep apnoea – a systematic review and descriptive meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (03) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sharma ◽  
J C R Wormald ◽  
J M Fishman ◽  
P Andrews ◽  
B T Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

AbstractObjectivesObstructive sleep apnoea is a common chronic sleep disorder characterised by collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The nasal airway forms a significant part of the upper airway and any obstruction is thought to have an impact on obstructive sleep apnoea. A systematic review was performed to determine the role of rhinological surgical interventions in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea.MethodsA systematic review of current literature was undertaken; studies were included if they involved comparison of a non-surgical and/or non-rhinological surgical intervention with a rhinological surgical intervention for treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea.ResultsSixteen studies met the selection criteria. The pooled data suggest that there are reductions in the apnoea/hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index following nasal surgery. However, the current body of studies is too heterogeneous for statistically significant meta-analysis to be conducted.ConclusionNasal surgery may have limited benefit for a subset of patients based on current evidence.

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