Relationship between bark thickness and diameter at breast height for six tree species used medicinally in South Africa

According to its owners, the Forest of Seu Nico (FSN) from the Viçosa municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, never has been logged and is therefore considered a primary forest. Nevertheless, the forest patch suffered impacts due to selective wood and non-timber extraction, fragmentation and isolation. Aim of this study was to test if the FSN, despite impacts, preserved characteristics of primary forests, which are elevated percentages of non-pioneer (>90%), animal-dispersed (>80 %), understory (>50%) and endemic species (~40%). For that, all trees with diameter at breast height equal or major than 3.2 cm within a plot of 100 x 100 m were identified. With 218 tree species found within this hectare, the FSN's species richness is outstanding for the region. The percentages of non-pioneer (92 %), animal-dispersed (85 %), understory (55 %) and endemic species (39.2 %) from the FSN fulfill the criteria proposed for primary forest. Therefore, we conclude that the FSN maintained its characteristics as a primary forest which highlights its importance for the conservation of biotic resources in the region, where similar fragments are lacking or not described yet.

Download Full-text

Impact of sedimentary processes on white-sand vegetation in an Amazonian megafan

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467416000493 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 498-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Carlos L. O. Cordeiro ◽

Dilce F. Rossetti ◽

Rogério Gribel ◽

Hanna Tuomisto ◽

Hiran Zani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Tree Species ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Canopy Height ◽

Group Method ◽

White Sand ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Tree Distribution ◽

Breast Height

Abstract:Amazonian white-sand vegetation has unique tree communities tolerant to nutrient-poor soils of interest for interpreting processes of adaptation in neotropical forests. Part of this phytophysionomy is confined to Late Quaternary megafan palaeo-landforms, thus we posit that sedimentary disturbance is the main ecological factor controlling tree distribution and structuring in this environment. In this study, we characterize the topographic trend of one megafan palaeo-landform using a digital elevation model and verify its relationship to the forest by modelling the canopy height with remote sensing data. We also compare the composition and structure (i.e. canopy height and diameter at breast height) of tree groups from the outer and inner megafan environments based on the integration of remote sensing and floristic data. The latter consist of field inventories of trees ≥ 10 cm dbh using six (500 × 20 m) plots in várzea, terra firme and igapó from the outer megafan and 20 (50 × 20 m) plots in woodlands and forests from the inner megafan. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were applied for clustering and dissimilarity analyses, respectively. The megafan is a sand-dominated triangular wetland with a topographic gradient of < 15 cm km−1, being more elevated along its axis. The outer megafan has a higher number of tree species (367), taller canopy height (mean of 14.1 m) and higher diameter at breast height (mean of 18.2 cm) than the white-sand forest. The latter records 89 tree species, mean canopy height of 8.4 cm and mean diameter at breast height of 15.3 cm. Trees increase in frequency closer to channels and toward the megafan's axis. The flooded and nutrient-poor sandy megafan substrate favoured the establishment of white-sand vegetation according to the overall megafan topography and morphological heterogeneities inherent to megafan sub-environments.

Download Full-text

Biomass of jack pine and mixed hardwood stands in northeastern New Brunswick

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x76-059 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 441-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

David A. MacLean ◽

Ross W. Wein

Keyword(s):

New Brunswick ◽

Tree Species ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Jack Pine ◽

Tree Crown ◽

Tree Diameter ◽

Stem Biomass ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Fire Origin

Biomass accumulation in 12 jack pine and 11 mixed hardwood stands of fire origin ranging in age from 7 to 57 years is presented. Logarithmic equations relating aboveground tree, crown, and stem biomass to tree diameter at breast height are given for eight tree species.

Download Full-text

Unexplained Relationships of Height-Diameter of Three Tree Species in a Tropical Forest.

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000257 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 196-204

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Multivariate Models ◽

Forest Reserve ◽

Permanent Sample Plots ◽

Tree Distance ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Bivariate Models

Associations between bivariate variables relative to the unexplained relationships of height-Dbh (diameter at breast height) models were investigated. Seven permanent sample plots measuring 40m by 250m at Omo Forest Reserve were used to assess the relationships between height and diameter at breast height of three tree species as affected by the variables of neighbouring trees. The result showed differences in the coefficient of determination of the bivariate models and multivariate models. The models arrived at for each of the species and for the bivariate models are: Scottelia coriaceae: Ht = 2.59 + 0.473D+ 0.0012D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤100cm (R2 = 0.70) Sterculia rhinopetala: Ht = 5.96 + 0.467D+ 0.00296D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤100cm (R2 = 0.77) Strombosia pustulata: Ht = 2.02 + 0.722D+ 0.00581D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤ 60cm (R2 = 0.81) Where both Ht and D are height and Diameter at breast height. While on the other hand the multivariate models that considered the effect of neighbouring trees are: Scottelia coriaceae: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 3.74 + 0.41x −1.14x + 0.205x +1.278x (R = 0.723) Sterculia rhnopetala: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 6.18 + 0.2601x +1.163x + 0.438x − 0.442x (R = 0.608) Strombosia pustalata: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 6.84 + 0.399x − 0.318x − 0.138x − 0.838x (R = 0.650) x1 = diameter at breast height, x2 = Mean neighbouring tree distance, x3 = Frequency of the neighbouring tree and x4 = Position of the crown.

Download Full-text

Regeneration of five commercially-valuable tree species after experimental logging in an Amazonian forest

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/s0100-67622002000500006 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 567-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Albertina Pimentel Lima ◽

Odilon Pimentel de Lima ◽

William Ernest Magnusson ◽

Niro Higuchi ◽

Francisco Quintiliano Reis

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Tropical Forest ◽

Tree Species ◽

Significant Response ◽

Local Market ◽

Terra Firme ◽

Amazonian Forest ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height

This study investigated the regeneration variation of five commercially valuable tree species in relation to different intensities of felling in fourteen 4-ha plots in an area under experimental forest management. This experiment was carried out in a typical Amazonian tropical forest sample on "terra-firme," in Manaus (AM). Plots were logged 7 and 8 years (1987 and 1988), or 3 years (1993) before the study. All trees with height greater than 2 m, and diameter at breast height (DBH) smaller than 10 cm were measured. Only Aniba hostmanniana, Ocotea aciphylla, Licaria pachycarpa, Eschweilera coriacea and Goupia glabra were sufficiently common for individual analyses. These species have high timber values in the local market. Eight years after logging, the species responded differently to logging intensities. The numbers of individuals of Goupia glabra and Aniba hostmanniana were positively related to the intensity of logging, while Ocotea aciphylla, Licaria pachycarpa, and Eschweilera coriacea showed no statistically significant response. In the most recently (1993) logged areas, Goupia glabra and Aniba hostmanniana had higher numbers of individuals than the control plots.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum, Winter Den-sites in Living Trees in Wisconsin

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v122i3.610 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lori L. Natzke ◽

Richard P. Thiel

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Erethizon Dorsatum ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Hollow Trees

Although Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) denned in a variety of structures in Sandhill Wildlife Area, Wood County, Wisconsin, hollow living trees predominated (67 percent). Diameter at breast height of den trees was significantly greater than that of trees in the surrounding forest, and den openings in living hollow trees were nearly twice the circumference of Porcupines. Porcupines probably do not prefer certain tree species over others; rather, they select species more prone to heart rot with cavities large enough to house a Porcupine.

Download Full-text

Potentials for Controlling Bark Percentage of the Commercial Tree Species of British Columbia

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc57156-4 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 156-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Harry G. Smith ◽

A. Kozak

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Tree Species ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Tree Improvement ◽

Bark Thickness ◽

Guide Tree ◽

Breast Height ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Standard Deviations

Diameters inside and outside bark from 13 sections were used to define variation in bark percentages for 33 844 trees representing 28 major groups of the commercial tree species of British Columbia. The range of age, height, dbh, and dbh/height associated with each group was determined. Statistical significance of effects of these factors and of up to 12 inventory zones was determined for double bark thickness as a percentage of dbh. Bole bark volumes were compared with wood volumes for trees exceeding two standard deviations of bark percentage at breast height. Thick barked trees were more common and a few have equal portions of wood and bark. Our description of the characteristics of the trees with least or most bark should help guide tree improvement programs. Identification of the extent to which stand factors can influence average bark characteristics may help timber managers grow trees of desired bark proportions.

Download Full-text

Predicting Diameter at Breast Height from Stump Diameters for Northeastern Tree Species

10.2737/ne-rn-322 ◽

1984 ◽

Author(s):

Eric H. Wharton ◽

Eric H. Wharton

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height

Download Full-text

Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Pandu Wirabuana ◽

RAHMANTA SETIAHADI ◽

RONGGO SADONO ◽

MARTIN LUKITO ◽

DJOKO SETYO MARTONO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Allometric Equations ◽

Tree Biomass ◽

Community Forest ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Community Forests ◽

Forest Tree Species ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height

Abstract. Wirabuana PYAP, Setiahadi R, Sadono R, Lukito M, Martono DS, Matatula J. 2020. Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4291-4300. The capability of community forests for offsetting carbon emissions highly depends on their biomass production. Unfortunately, the measurement of tree biomass in community forests using a destructive method is expensive and time-consuming. It is also almost impossible to conduct this method for all trees in the observation area. Therefore, the development of allometric equations is essential to support tree biomass estimation in community forests. This study was designed to construct specific models for predicting individual tree biomass in community forests, located in Madiun, Indonesia. We destructively sampled approximately 120 trees from four different species (30 trees for each species), i.e., Falcataria moluccana, Melia azedarach, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tectona grandis. For every tree sample, the measurement of biomass was conducted in each tree’s component, namely roots, stem, branches, and leaves. The allometric equations were developed with regression analysis using predictor variables, like diameter at breast height (D), squared diameter at breast height combined with tree height (D2H), as well as D and H separately. Results found that for four species, the mean biomass in the stem was 50.3%, followed by branches 25.4%, roots 15.9%, and leaves 8.3%. The best equation for estimating biomass in every component and total of four species was different. However, our study showed that the equation lnŶ = -3.037 + 1.430 lnD + 1.684 was reliable to estimate total individual tree biomass of four species in the surveyed area since this model had accuracy of 90.8%. Referring to these findings, we recommended the utilization of an allometric equation as an alternative method for facilitating more efficient biomass measurement in the community forests.

Download Full-text

The Rate of Forest Tree Growth and a Forest Ordination at Xumeni, Natal

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v10i3.1553 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 451-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. J. Moll ◽

D. B. Woods

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Tree Species ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Moist Soil ◽

Breast Height ◽

Canopy Tree ◽

Ordination Analysis ◽

The Mean ◽

Canopy Tree Species

The rate of increment in circumference at breast height of canopy tree species in the southern temperate, Mist-belt forest at Xumeni, Natal, South Africa, is very slow. The mean for all trees calculated from measurements in 1929 and 1966 is 0.201 ± 0.015 inches per year. Results from an ordination analysis of 39 plots were interpreted in terms of a successional gradient from serai sites on steep ground, characterized by Kiggelaria africana, Xymalos monospora and Fagara davyi, to climax sites on flatter ground with Podocarpus spp. Two climax types are indicated, with P. henkelli on moist soil and P. falcatus on drier soils.

Download Full-text