Corrigendum to “Using water quality and isotope studies to inform research in chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology endemic areas in Sri Lanka” [Sci. Total Environ., Volume 745(2020)/Article Number 140896]

Abstract Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is a fatal disease that causes death from kidney failure due to unknown risk factors and has already affected more than 400,000 people in the rural agricultural landscape (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. The major drinking source in Sri Lanka is groundwater and it is suspected that the pollution of groundwater sources due to agricultural means has a major impact on CKDu. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether rainwater can be used as an alternative safe drinking water source in Girandurukotte area, Sri Lanka, which is known to be an area endemic for CKDu. The physical, chemical, and biological analyses were performed to compare the water quality parameters of three water sources (groundwater, surface water, and rainwater) for Girandurukotte area. The most common storage tanks in polyethylene (PE) and ferrocement (FC) were compared to assess the influence of the material of rainwater tank on water quality. The results showed that there is a significant difference in rainwater in terms of water quality compared to groundwater and surface water. Rainwater in FC and PE tanks showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for some parameters however, they were still within accepted potable drinking water standards.

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Baseline renal function of pregnant women in a geographical region with an epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka

Nephrology ◽

10.1111/nep.12760 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 794-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suneth Buddhika Agampodi ◽

Buddhika Thilanga Bandara Wijerathne

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Function ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Geographical Region ◽

Unknown Aetiology ◽

Baseline Renal Function

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Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium in well water, rice, and human urine in Sri Lanka in relation to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.070 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 212-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

H. M. Ayala S. Herath ◽

Tomonori Kawakami ◽

Shiori Nagasawa ◽

Yuka Serikawa ◽

Ayuri Motoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Human Urine ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Well Water ◽

Rice Samples ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Cadmium Lead

Abstract Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is spreading gradually in Sri Lanka. In the current research, 1,435 well water samples from all 25 districts of Sri Lanka, 91 rice samples, and 84 human urine samples from both CKDu-endemic and non-endemic areas in Sri Lanka were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium to detect whether toxic elements could be a cause of CKDu. The liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) concentration and arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium concentrations of the urine samples were analyzed to determine the relation of L-FABP with arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium. High concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium were not detected in the well water samples from CKDu-endemic areas. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents in the rice samples from both CKDu-endemic and non-endemic areas were well below the Codex standard. There were no relationships between the L-FABP concentration and concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium in urine. In addition, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium concentrations in human urine samples from CKDu-endemic areas were not significantly different from those from non-endemic areas. These findings indicated that arsenic, cadmium, lead, and chromium could not cause CKDu.

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Impact of water quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19873/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kalaivani Gobalarajah ◽

Subramaniam Prabagar ◽

Uthpala Jayawardena ◽

Rasiah Gobalarajah ◽

Subramaniam Rajendra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Total Dissolved Solid

Abstract BackgroundIncrease in the number of cases in Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka has become an environmental health issue of national concern. Even though, Northern Province is not identified as a high risk province, there is an increasing trend of CKDu after the end of civil war in the Northern territory.MethodsThe present study was conducted in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District to investigate the socio demographic and clinical pattern of CKDu patients and to evaluate the quality of their water sources. The samples were selected by using stratified purposive random sampling method which represented 29% of total CKDu patients in Thunukkai Division. Pretested structured questionnaire was administrated to collect the data from CKDu patients.ResultsAmong the patients, 80% of them were male with an age range of 30-80, majority (88%) involved in farming. 26% and 20% of people were engaged in smoking and taking alcohol, respectively. 17% and 43% were suffered with diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics of more than 50% of the water samples recorded higher electric conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness and Na levels compared to drinking water standards in Sri Lanka.ConclusionsThe association between serum creatine excreted by CKDu patients and water quality parameters were determined by using regression model, revealing a significant negative relationship with phosphate and positive relationship with Total Dissolved Solid and arsenic content of the drinking water. Thus, the study suggests, total dissolved solid and arsenic in drinking water have a positive correlation with CKDu in Thunukkai region in the Mullaitivu District.

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