The shelf life of kawista fruit salad (rujak) dressing using Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method

Rujak kawista sauce is one of the typical Indonesian foods made from palm sugar, tamarind, bird’s eye chili, nuts, and special fruits of kawista to enhance the flavour. There is no information about the shelf-life of rujak kawista sauce to date. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the storage time of the rujak kawista sauce to determine the product’s shelf life. This study used the ASLT method to determine the shelf life of rujak sauce. The sauce was stored at temperatures of 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C within 21 days storage time and was analysed every seven days. The analytical methods used to support the ASLT method are TBA, moisture content, FFA, total dissolved solids and pH. The result showed that TBA value was 0.046-0.19 mg malonaldehyde/kg, moisture content was 16.68-20%, FFA was 0.66-0.80%, total dissolved solid was 17.9-21.1°Brix, and pH was 3.1-3.5. Based on Arrhenius calculations, the shelf-life of rujak kawista sauce was two months.

Efisiensi Penurunan Kadar COD, TSS, dan TDS pada Air Limbah Industri Pangan menggunakan Koagulan Poly Alumunium Chloride dengan metode Jar Test

Industri pangan menghasilkan air limbah berbahan organik dan padatan tersuspensi maupun terlarut yang tinggi. Salah satu proses pengolahan air limbah yaitu dengan proses koagulasi-flokulasi yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan padatan tersuspensi dan zat organik yang dapat menyebabkan kekeruhan serta bau dengan penambahan koagulan. Penambahan koagulan pada instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) tidak dilakukan secara kuantitatif, sehingga perlu dilakukan percobaan dengan metode jar test. Tujuan percobaan untuk mengetahui pH dan dosis optimum serta efisiensi koagulan poly aluminium chloride (PAC) untuk menurunkan kadar chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), dan total dissolved solid (TDS). Hasil uji parameter COD, TSS, dan TDS dibandingkan dengan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Tingkat 1 Jawa Barat (SK Gub TK 1 Jabar) No. 6 Tahun 1999 tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Cair Bagi Kegiatan Industri di Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan diperoleh kondisi optimum koagulan PAC pada pH air limbah 6–7 dengan dosis koagulan optimum pada (80–90) mg/L. Hasil pengujian parameter TS, TDS, TSS, kekeruhan dan COD berturut-turut memberikan nilai efisiensi sebesar (52,6-57,8)%, (53,9-55,5)%, (52,4-58,1)%, (97,8-99,1)%, dan (71,6–77,1)%. Percobaan yang dilakukan membuktikan bahwa koagulan PAC mampu menurunkan kadar pada parameter uji dengan nilai efisiensi yang cukup besar.

Prototype Pengolahan Air Sistem Semi Kontinu Secara Fotokatalisis Menggunakan Nanopartikel TiO2

Pengolahan air dengan menggunakan fotokatalisis merupakan salah satu metode yang paling banyak dikembangkan untuk menyelesaiakn permasalahan pasokan air besih dikarenakan sifatnya yang murah, ramah energi dan ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan Prototype Pengolahan Air Sistem Semi Kontinu Secara Fotokatalisis Menggunakan Nanopartikel TiO2 yang selain dapat digunakan untuk pengolahan air limbah sekaligus dapat digunakan sebagai media pengajaran di Politeknik AKA khususnya untuk mata kuliah yang berhubungan dengan pengolahan limbah dan proses pemisahan. Hasil ujicoba yang telah dilakukan dengan mengolah air limbah domestik yang berasal dari sekitar Politeknik AKA, dan dengan kondisi proses laju pengolahan 3 liter/jam dan variasi katalis TiO2 sebesar 0 hingga 100 ppm menunjukkan bahwa prototype yang dihasilkan mampu menurunkan nilai kekeruhan dan Total Dissolved Solid ( TDS) air limbah. Penurunan kekeruhan dan TDS terbesar terjadi pada variasi konsentrasi katalis 100 ppm dengan penurunan 71,29% dan 18,97% masing-masing untuk kekeruhan dan TDS.

Penanganan Parameter yang Hilang dalam Aplikasi Penilaian Kualitas Air IKA-INA

Kualitas air di suatu wilayah yang merupakan salah satu indikator lingkungan dapat dievaluasi menggunakan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Indeks Kualitas Air Indonesia (IKA-INA) dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas air secara menyeluruh pada lokasi dan waktu tertentu. IKA-INA dihitung dengan menggunakan sepuluh (10) parameter yaitu pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), NO3, NH3, Total Phosphate (TP) dan fecal coliform. IKA-INA tersebut merupakan indeks kualitas air yang dapat memberikan informasi secara sederhana. Dalam pemanfaatannya, tidak semua data parameter dalam IKA-INA tersebut dapat terpenuhi karena adanya data tidak valid atau data yang hilang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi alternatif rumusan IKA-INA dengan parameter yang tidak lengkap atau jika tidak semua data dalam parameters tersebut tersedia. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun rumusan adalah dengan melakukan koreksi faktor bobot parameter IKA-INA terhadap parameter yang hilang dan nilai Q (nilai sub-indeks). Setelah itu dilakukan uji coba pada nilai baku mutu air dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22/2021 Lampiran VI serta pada data kualitas air sungai yang mewakili kualitas baik dan buruk. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa bobot parameter terkoreksi dapat digunakan untuk penanganan parameter yang hilang dalam penilaian kualitas air dengan metode IKA-INA. Hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter hilang yang menggunakan bobot terkoreksi dan hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter lengkap mayoritas memberikan status IKA yang tidak berbeda, kecuali untuk parameter fecal coli dan parameter yang mempunyai kadar jauh berbeda terhadap kondisi air secara keseluruhan.

Effectiveness of Aerator Ventures, Deposition with Magnets, Filtering, and Ion Exchange in One Unit against Reduction of Iron, Total Dissolved Solid, and Marine Well Water

BACKGROUND: It is known the effectiveness of a venturi aerator, deposition with a sand filter magnet and ion exchange in one unit to reduce Fe content, total dissolved solid (TDS) and saltiness (CL content) in clean water, and the ability of ion exchange to reduce CL content is known. AIM: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of venturi aerator, magnetic sedimentation, filtration, and ion exchange in one unit against Fe, TDS, and CL well water. METHODS: The method used is a quasi-experimental method using aeration with a venturi system, deposition with magnets, filtration, and ion exchange. The population in this study was all water containing Fe and CL in the Darul Kamal sub-district, Aceh Besar. The sample in this study is part of the population following research needs. RESULTS: The results showed an effect of a venturi aerator, deposition with magnets, filtering sea sand, anion, and cation resins in one unit to decrease Fe content and did not affect decreasing TDS content and Salinity. Moreover, a venturi aerator has an effect, deposition with magnets, filtering sea sand, anion, and cation resins in one unit on the decrease in Fe content, TDS, and salinity at deposition time of 24 h. Venturi aerator’s effect on Fe reduction does not affect TDS and CL of well water. There is an effect of venturi aerator and precipitation with magnets, in one unit on Fe reduction, and does not affect TDS and CL of well water. There is an effect of venturi aerator, precipitation with magnets, filtration in one unit on Fe reduction, no effect on TDS, and CL of well water. CONCLUSION: This tool effectively reduces Fe content and effectively reduces Fe, TDS, and salinity at a 24 h deposition time.

The effectiveness of Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh (1824) density to reduce nitrate and phosphate in vannamei shrimp aquaculture

The current development of aquaculture raises problems in the form of pollution of liquid waste generated during the production process. Aquaculture wastewater contains very high concentrations of inorganic nutrient. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Sargassum polycystum density as a biofilter to reduce nitrate and phosphate in whiteleg shrimp pond. The study was conducted experimentally at indoor tank culture using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 density treatments with 3 replications, which were 1 gL−1, 2 gL−1, and 3 gL−1. The parameters observed were water quality such as nitrate, phosphate, temperature, salinity, pH, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid); and also Saragassum’s growth. The results showed that the density of 3 gL−1 able to reduce nitrate 80% and phosphate 86,30%. The growth of S. polycystum for the three treatments decreased due to several factors, such as low nitrogen availability, environmental conditions, predators, and differences in stocking density. The average water quality measured during the study was temperature 27.84 °C; salinity 31.31 ppt; DO 4.72 mgL−1; pH 7.69; TDS 34.94 mgL−1; and TSS 4807.63 mgL−1. S. polycystum has the ability as biofilter for white shrimp culture because able to reduce nitrate and phosphate concentration. S. polycystum has potential benefits as alternative comodity candidate for polyculture and Integrated Multi Throphic Aquaculture (IMTA).

Study of Physicochemical of Rivers in DKI Jakarta Province

Most of inland water in DKI Jakarta Province are highly polluted caused by the increase in urbanization, industrialization development and reclamation process. This research intend to conduct an initial characterization of the water quality in Jakarta. The survey was conducted in 9 location namely Kali Sunter 1, Kali Sunter 2, Cakung Drain, POM Vyle Pluit, Waduk Pluit, Museum Bahari, WTC Mangga Dua, Mookenvart and Pesanggrahan. Based on the level of salinity, the rivers are categorized into fresh water (Cakung Drain, WTC Mangga Dua, Mookenvart and Pesanggrahan) and brackish water (Kali Sunter 1, Kali Sunter 2, Pluit Village, Waduk Pluit, and Museum Bahari). The physicochemical measurement using Water Quality Checker reported turbidity and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) concentration were very high at all sampling locations. The Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) value can be used to determine the pollution status. Pesanggrahan is the only river with a positive ORP value of 22 mV. It can be said that the pollution level of the Pesanggrahan is very low. The other rivers have a negative ORP value and the largest is in Kali Sunter 2. Serious efforts need to be made in dealing with inland waters pollution located in Jakarta.

STUDI ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI BAH BIAK KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR

High community activity on the border of the Bah Biak River causes pollution in the waters of the river. The increase in the number of settlements and industries in Pematangsiantar city certainly has an impact on the quality of its waters. The purpose of this study is to find out the water quality of the Bah Biak River in Pematangsiantar City covering the physical and chemical parameters of the waters. This research was conducted in 2021 in Bah Biak River Pematangsiantar city. Water sampling in the Bah Biak River is carried out with three repetitions, namely in March, June and August taking into account the representation of the seasons. Water sampling is carried out in situ for parameters of brightness, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical delivery, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, while for laboratory scale measurements are carried out for biologycal oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameters. The results of the measurement will be displayed in graphic form and descriptively discussed by referring to the specified quality standards. Based on the results of measurements of several water quality parameters in the Bah Biak River, it can be concluded that the majority of the parameters studied still meet the quality standards but there are parameters that have passed the quality standard threshold, namely BOD and ammonia parameters. ABSTRAK Tingginya aktivitas masyarakat di sempadan Sungai Bah Biak menyebabkan pencemaran di perairan sungai tersebut. Peningkatan jumlah pemukiman dan industri di Kota Pematangsiantar tentu berdampak kepada kualitas perairannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air sungai Bah Biak di Kota Pematangsiantar meliputi parameter fisik dan kimia perairan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2021 di Sungai Bah Biak Kota Pematangsiantar. Pengambilan sampel air di Sungai Bah Biak dilakukan dengan tiga kali pengulangan yaitu pada bulan Maret, Juni dan Agustus dengan mempertimbangkan keterwakilan musim. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan secara insitu untuk parameter kecerahan, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), daya hantar listrik, suhu dan dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, sedangkan untuk pengukuran skala laboratorium dilakukan untuk parameter biologycal oxygen demand (BOD) dan chemical oxygen demand(COD). Hasil pengukuran akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik dan dibahas seacara deskriptif dengan merujuk pada baku mutu yang ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran beberapa parameter kualitas air di Sungai Bah Biak maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas parameter yang diteliti masih memenuhi baku mutu namun terdapat parameter yang telah melewati ambang baku mutu yaitu parameter BOD dan ammonia. Kata Kunci: kualitas air, aktivitas masyarakat, pencemaran, baku mutu, Sungai Bah Biak

Filter Air Bersih Menggunakan Keramik Berpori Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Demak

Penggunaan Membran dari keramik akhir-akhir ini di Indonesia mulai meningkat karena membran keramik mempunyai kandungan kimia yang bagus, tahan terhadap panas dan kekuatan yang setabil. penggunaan membran keramik ini semakin meningkat dengan pengaplikasian sebagai filter atau penyaring. Tetapi proses pembuatan dan bahan yang digunakan cukup mahal, maka dari itu penelitian dengan metode mencampurkan bahan lain seperti karbon aktif ini dilakukan, arang tempurung kelapa dan arang sekam padi yang banyak dijumpai mempunyai kemampuan daya serap tinggi (absorpsi) yang baik. Penelitian ini menghadirkan campuran bahan zeolit alam dengan penambahan karbon aktif sebagai bahan campuranya dengan suhu pembakaran 9000C. keramik berpori dibentuk berupa silinder diteliti. Menggunakan Pengukuran densitas dan porositas atau disebut metode arschimides. uji kecepatan alir air dan pengujian nilai TDS (Total Dissolved Solid). Hasil pengujian kandungan Air sebelum disaring dan setelah disaring ICP (inductively coupled plasma) keramik berpori mampu menurunkan nilai-nilai unsur yang terkandung didalam air. hal ini tidak luput dari penggunaan campuran karbon aktif yang terbukti mampu menurunkan kandungan unsur didalam air. serta mampu menurunkan nilai TDS air. laju aliran air juga meningkat sehubungan dengan bertambahnya jumlah campuran karbon aktif yang dilakukan. Dikarenakan semakin banyak pori-pori atau rongga didalam material keramik yang disebabkan oleh terbakarnya karbon aktif disaat proses sintering.

Profiling and Characterization of Environmental Quality of Leachates from Selected Dumpsites in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

This study profiled and characterized environmental quality of selected dumpsite leachates in Imo State with emphasis on Nekede, Worldbank, Irete and Orji areas of the state. Leachates were collected under stringent sample collection protocols from the selected dumpsites and analyzed. Samples were collected from three different sampling points of the dumpsite and bulked to form representative sample for each sampling site. The samples were analyzed for a number of standard physical and chemical parameters using standard analytical protocols and compared with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) benchmark. The result of the analysis showed that the values of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, temperature, BOD, COD, CO, salinity, sulphate, chloride, turbidity, nickel, chromium, lead, and cadmium were above FMENV limit; while nitrate, sulphate and zinc (from Worldbank, Irete and Orji), were below FMENV detectable limit. The outcome of the study is a pointer to the fact that the assayed leachates have high pollution potentials. There is possibility of gradual buildup of contaminants in the study area’s dumpsites, which could pose a serious threat, including the inhabitants around the vicinity. The study underscores the need for continual monitoring of the dumpsite leachates, and possibly an upgrade to a sustainable engineered landfill, to forestall possible pollution problems of other components of the environment such as aquatic bodies in future.