scholarly journals RegionTPMS — Region based triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) for 3-D printed multiphase bone scaffolds with exact porosity values

SoftwareX ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 100835
Author(s):  
Alp Karakoç
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Triply Periodic

scholarly journals A multiscale optimisation method for bone growth scaffolds based on triply periodic minimal surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Lehder ◽  
I. A. Ashcroft ◽  
R. D. Wildman ◽  
L. A. Ruiz-Cantu ◽  
I. Maskery
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Triply Periodic ◽  
Macro Scale

AbstractTissue engineered bone scaffolds are potential alternatives to bone allografts and autografts. Porous scaffolds based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are good candidates for tissue growth because they offer high surface-to-volume ratio, have tailorable stiffness, and can be easily fabricated by additive manufacturing. However, the range of TPMS scaffold types is extensive, and it is not yet clear which type provides the fastest cell or tissue growth while being sufficiently stiff to act as a bone graft. Nor is there currently an established methodology for TPMS bone scaffold design which can be quickly adopted by medical designers or biologists designing implants. In this study, we examine six TPMS scaffold types for use as tissue growth scaffolds and propose a general methodology to optimise their geometry. At the macro-scale, the optimisation routine ensures a scaffold stiffness within suitable limits for bone, while at the micro-scale it maximises the cell growth rate. The optimisation procedure also ensures the scaffold pores are of sufficient diameter to allow oxygen and nutrient delivery via capillaries. Of the examined TPMS structures, the Lidinoid and Split P cell types provide the greatest cell growth rates and are therefore the best candidates for bone scaffolds.

Description of a 3-periodic minimal surface family with trigonal symmetry

1994 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fogden
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Surface ◽  
Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Weierstrass Representation ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Trigonal Symmetry ◽  
Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Periodic Minimal Surface ◽  
Triply Periodic ◽  
The Family

AbstractA systematic analysis of a family of triply periodic minimal surfaces of genus seven and trigonal symmetry is given. The family is found to contain five such surfaces free from self-intersections, three of which are previously unknown. Exact parametrisations of all surfaces are provided using the Weierstrass representation.

scholarly journals Porous polylactic acid scaffolds for bone regeneration: A study of additively manufactured triply periodic minimal surfaces and their osteogenic potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204173142095654
Author(s):  
Anna Diez-Escudero ◽  
Hugo Harlin ◽  
Per Isaksson ◽  
Cecilia Persson
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Pore Distribution ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Osteoblastic Cell ◽  
Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Triply Periodic ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Grade Material

Three different triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) with three levels of porosity within those of cancellous bone were investigated as potential bone scaffolds. TPMS have emerged as potential designs to resemble the complex mechanical and mass transport properties of bone. Diamond, Schwarz, and Gyroid structures were 3D printed in polylactic acid, a resorbable medical grade material. The 3D printed structures were investigated for printing feasibility, and assessed by morphometric studies. Mechanical properties and permeability investigations resulted in similar values to cancellous bone. The morphometric analyses showed three different patterns of pore distribution: mono-, bi-, and multimodal pores. Subsequently, biological activity investigated with pre-osteoblastic cell lines showed no signs of cytotoxicity, and the scaffolds supported cell proliferation up to 3 weeks. Cell differentiation investigated by alkaline phosphatase showed an improvement for higher porosities and multimodal pore distributions, suggesting a higher dependency on pore distribution and size than the level of interconnectivity.

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